Análisis wavelet aplicado a la medida de armónicos, interarmónicos y subarmónicos en redes de distribución de energía eléctrica

Resum

Fourier analysis is the fundamental method for the measurement of harmonics and interharmonics in electrical power systems and is the method proposed by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) for standard measurement instruments. With the objective of overcoming the limitations in certain conditions, other techniques of analysis such as wavelets have been proposed. This doctoral thesis investigates alternatives in the field of the quality of the provision of electrical energy. The main contribution of this thesis is the proposal of a new method of measurement of harmonics and interharmonics based on the Wavelet Packet Transform compatible with the standard IEC 61000-4-7 of 2002. The method proposed simultaneously uses different levels of the same wavelet decomposition tree for the measurement of harmonic, interharmonic and subharmonic components in the input signal as well as their time evolution. The basic characteristics of the method in terms of the choice of the mother wavelet function, the bank of filters that implements the wavelet decomposition tree and the postprocessing to make the method compatible with the measurement standard are explained. The benefits of the method in the measurement of harmonics and interharmonics are analyzed, both in stationary conditions and in the case of loss of synchrony due to variation of the base frequency or variation of the sampling window of the signal, presence of nonsynchronous components with the frequency of the network or presence of components of variable amplitude. Finally, the information that the method provides about the temporal estimation of the measured frequencial components is described. The method developed and the IEC method have been implemented on a virtual instrument. The hardware used and the software developed are explained studying the performance of the instrument under different measurement conditions. Finally the conclusions obtained are summarized and future lines of investigation motivated by this doctoral thesis are proposed.