Mercados locales de trabajocuatro ensayos empíricos de análisis y evaluación

Resumo

ABSTRACT A lot of investigations indicate the need to introduce the territorial dimension in the analysis of labor events. Often when the territorial dimension is considered, it is made with reference levels, which in the Spanish case, correspond to the regions or provinces. However, these levels are composed of very large units, which are not credible markets because a market should be understood as a meeting place between suppliers and job seekers and because the internal cohesion of these markets is likely to be small. The logical alternative would be to use the municipal level. However, municipalities are administrative units that certainly do not reflect the functional reality of the labor market. This thesis tries to detect what is the most representative labor market geography, what it is the appropriate dimension for the analysis and implementation of public policies. The thesis consists of four empirical studies with a common thread: the analysis of the suitability of the geography of local labor markets against administrative alternatives available, on the one hand and, secondly, the study of behaviour and evolution of some of the main indicators of the labor market, as the unemployment rate or the employment rate. Space areas analysed in the various tests of the thesis cover, although in some cases the focus is on specific regions, the entire Spanish territory, from data for the years 1991-2016. To determine the coherence of the various proposals areas in scientific research techniques are used: analysis of variance, Theil index, the method Cörvers, spatial exploratory analysis and industrial concentration indices Ellison-Glaeser and Maurel-Sédillot. On the other hand, to study the labor market in various indices used descriptive statistics apply: methodology Alonso-Villar on dimensions of local labor markets and the concentration profile of unemployment, exploratory spatial analysis of employment and unemployment rates, and standardized location coefficient. In summary, the results obtained reveal the importance of establishing an appropriate geographical unit for territorial analysis if permitted by the availability of statistical data. The use of functional regions can provide additional and useful for analysis between employment and territory information. Interesting results have been achieved which serve to learn more about the Spanish labor market in relevant geographical areas and to test the suitability of the territorial areas, conditioned by the territory, the delimitation practiced and method of evaluation. Finally, it is important, regardless of the results achieved, the thesis analyses show that it is necessary to consider the local dimension in the analysis of the labor market.