Geolocalización de la marginación en Metepec, Estado de México

Resum

Mexico, like other Latin American countries affected by poverty and poor housing, has created programs through its Social Organizations and Municipal Development Plans, with the intention of benefiting the population in poverty. These programs are diverse and range from economic support, health care, school materials to the improvement of sustainable materials in housing construction. However, despite these social programs for the eradication of poverty, we still observe that, over the pass of the time insecurity, poverty, vulnerability and marginalization among other socioeconomic problems remain present in our society without appreciates a large reduction. Poverty and marginalization are topics of great interest in the different levels of government, public, academic and labor, therefore, it is necessary to create this type of study in order to target the appropriate and rational decision-making, in channeling strategic plans, allocating resources, in carrying out health campaigns, the location of new public spaces and the creation of measures to assist the monitoring and improvement of public services. The statistics for these socioeconomic problems, very often, ignore the territorial aspect, thus hiding the different spatial realities by averaging data. The thesis recognizes this deficiency and intends to geographically locate marginalization, to know their location, understand and define their possible causes, manage data, graphically display the results in order to develop strategies that provide solutions to this problem. In Mexico have been implemented land management policies designed various instruments such as plans for urban and municipal development, however, there is no articulated practice between such instruments or between levels of government to coordinate policies, also, it is lacking of mechanisms to ensure their proper management. The Geographic Information Systems are able not only to store the points, lines or polygon locations, but also they store qualitative and quantitative information, thereby allowing to perform geographic analysis taking into account factors such as population, economy, proximity and remoteness to a particular place, yielding results that provide insight into the spatial distribution of the situation or problem. The results show that the differences in economic development between the national show inequality as one of the most persistent problems affecting the country, this inequality has consequences as other problems such as crime, social exclusion, poverty, etc. , so it is necessary to make changes in public policy to reduce such difference in economic development. The decisive struggle against poverty, marginalization and social exclusion, requires municipal entity that effectively fosters equal opportunity, equity in the results, the territorial social integration, citizen participation and strengthen the responsiveness and adaptation most vulnerable social sectors. Conclusively, it is suggested to continue with further studies, in addition to the importance for the government favors the research and comprehensive care programs for social housing as a mechanism to reverse the growing social vulnerability of marginalized households.