La siniestralidad laboral en España, 1900-2010un relato entre lo evidente y lo prioritario

Laburpena

Since the Workers' Compensation Act was enacted in 1900, begins in our country a long and tedious race to build preventive building culminating in the enactment of the Law on Prevention of Occupational Risks in 1995. A century in which the contradiction between the obvious, that is, the existence, number and severity of the figures achieved by the accidents, and the priority, cost savings, concerns about increasing productivity at all costs, improve revenues, both enterprise level as a private capacity, have always been present. To know this tension between the obvious and the priority, we have raised in this thesis, the general objective of analyzing the evolution of workplace accidents in Spain during the twentieth century. And as specific objectives: to build the statistical series of accidents for the twentieth century, contextualize the policy development in the field of health and safety with the political, economic and social situation. Regulatory developments contrast with the statistical evolution. Analyze its chronological evolution and behavior of its most important variables. Analyze the changes that occurred in the process of making statistics and statistical behavior that has known in the mining and shipbuilding. Contrast the behavior of the national series with the evolution of the mining and shipbuilding. Contextualize the emergence of some of the medical and health institutions that have emerged throughout the century. Analyze the social scope of some of the medical and preventive institutions created throughout the century propose new approaches and lines of research. To address these objectives, we have had to carry out the construction of the number of accidents for the twentieth century in Spain from a comprehensive and unique perspective on some of the big national companies in the mining sector and shipbuilding. This has allowed us to overcome the traditional vision centered on the normative and legal and incorporate the statistical dimension of this phenomenon. In this work we have obtained some of the following conclusions: 1. The number of accidents for the twentieth century in Spain does not respond to academically accepted the evolution of economic cycles. 2. Legislation in the short and medium term has not had a direct impact on the number of accidents or at least can not be measured. 3. legislation has been enacted primarily for the enterprise. 4. The Franco in the field of health and safety at work, was a clear continuity with what had been practiced during the first third of the century. 5. The social balance of some of the initiatives institutions has been really low. 6. Preventive speech will collide with compensation practices implemented since the forties. 7. The role that this area has maintained the Occupational justifies the attention paid to preventive . rather than remedial needs. 8. From the Health and Safety Committees and from security departments of large companies became apparent the risks of institutionalization of safety and hygiene. 9. Of the accidents we know practically everything but we are not able to reduce their number significantly. 10. The role that Spanish trade union organization has played in this area must be reduced to outreach work training and work. The work on the thesis allows us to conclude that the obvious tension between the priority and can be a good storyline to try to explain this complex phenomenon but yet so appealing.