Sistemas de gestión de seguridad y salud en el trabajo en la comunidad andinaauditorías de verificación

Abstract

Objetives: Comparative analysis of the main health and safety management systems taking as reference the Andean Community. Develop a self automated audits and compare their results with external audits performed by experts of the Ecuadorian Social Security Institute (IESS) and determine the degree of acceptance of employers and workers system audits. Methodology: The Andean current system was compared in the countries of Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia, on the axles of the comparative analysis the four constituent elements: administrative, technical, human resource and core operating processes, with their respective sub elements, and by correlation tables with the ILO 2001-2011 and OHSAS 18001. A self automated audits, uploaded to the website of the IESS, employers access, 24 hours and 365 days a year and the possibility of online consultations was prepared . PHP software Free Version 5.3 on MySQL Database engine and Apache Web Server information, accessible from any computer or mobile system. 223 results Ecuadorian auto companies were audited and subsequently audited by experts compared IESS. Surveys were conducted to determine the degree of acceptance in the audit process. Results: The countries of the Andean Community have developed their safety management systems and based on the guidelines of the ILO and the Andean Health System. Ecuador is the first country to have implemented automated, Colombia in January 2016 and soon Peru, Bolivia being the only country where it is unknown. The system is ideal for Andean countries of the Andean Community to fulfill its legislation with the guidelines of the management system suggested by the ILO, have elements and sub-elements that make it the most complete compared to other systems concerning, and it could become a binding instrument under safety and health in the Andean countries, by displaying a correspondence between them exceeds 70%. Has strengths in technical management, human talent and core business processes, giving importance to the technical evaluation and control of risks, the development of skills training, work activity relating to health monitoring, and deepening operational processes adapted to the particularities of each organization. The self-audit process is a sequential user-friendly, flexible, adaptable, supports automatic tool with other safety and health or quality, environment, social responsibility or physical security; its modular design allows implementation in all types of business, any activity, complexity and number of employees, demonstrated by high participation rate, over 70% of companies representing 56% of the working population of the country contributor. The level of implementation or effectiveness index means management system in the Ecuadorian companies, measured by self audits, barely it reached 48.26% and external audits of 29.2%, far ahead of the 80% that it is considered minimal to be considered acceptable, serving for organizations to become aware of the need to improve it. In larger companies the outcome of audits overestimated self much to external audits regarding the administrative, technical, human talent and overall effectiveness index. The management of production processes experienced no basic difference between self audits and external audits. These differences did not occur in small and medium enterprises in any of the management systems. The assessment audit process was very positive, which helps improve the safety and health processes, meet failures in the system, to initiate action to improve employee efficiency, and audited agree with the value obtained by the external audit. Conclusions: The use of tools is undoubtedly a positive and innovative contribution and self audits became the entrepreneur in perpetrator, encouraging their participation and facilitating their level of knowledge of the technical and legal requirements. The simple structure, easy access, free of charge, immediate response and continuous availability, helped its dissemination among enterprises, providing a more proactive indicators that measure workplace accidents indicator. Respondents stated that the audit process should be maintained and extended to all companies in Ecuador.