Influencia de una estrategia de enseñanza incidental sobre variables psicológicas, fisiológicas y motoras en jugadores de baloncesto de diferentes edades y niveles de peripecia

Zusammenfassung

The processes of perception, organization and analysis of the various factors that interact to shape the actions of the game that players face, along with a suitable decisionmaking to solve the problems they pose for the game, can even exhaust the resources of the players, creating in them not only a physical fatigue, but also a mental one. That is why many authors state that expert players use in some situations unconscious processing mechanisms, irrational or intuitive, allowing them to decide with few resources in a short time, and therefore reducing the possibility of occurrences of mental fatigue. The studies that have tried to test the effectiveness of different teaching incidental strategies causing this type of processing in order to prevent deterioration of performance under pressure in learning in collective sports interaction, have yielded different results. Most of them have been treated under a one-dimensional prism effect that they produce on the players, so there is no scientific evidence to show the mental cost involved in sport through the use of incidental strategies. It is for this reason that the aim of this thesis has been raised under a multidimensional prism, and this is to evaluate the effect of manipulating certain temporary variables, motor or combination of both on the psychological, physiological and motor fields of basketball players of different ages and levels of expertise. To do this, they conducted two studies. In the first one, with subjects of low level of expertise, four experimental conditions were developed in a reduced 3v3 basketball task around the field, in continuity. Time and number of passes per possession were limited. The sessions were divided into 10 minutes of play for each experimental condition, 5 sets of 2 minutes each. In the second study, the same experimental conditions were repeated than in study 1, but the series were reduced down to 4 on each experimental conditions, and the time to 1’5 minutes per series. Besides, under the experimental conditions where the number of passes is limited, instead of three passes they were reduced to only two passes per possession. In both studies the effects of these experimental conditions on perceived work load (cuestionnaire NASA-TLX), the effort perceived (BORG 6-20 Scale), mood (cuestionnaire PANAS), the cardiac frecuency and actions of the players during the game were measured. The results showed a significant effect of these environmental restrictions on psychological, physiological and motor variables of experimental subjects, as well as a different sensitivity depending on the skill level of the players and/or the age. These results show the need to consider the mental workload on tasks that we develop with the players in our practice sessions, moreover, bearing in mind the age and/or the player’s skill, in order to facilitate their adaptation to the different stimuli that shape them.