La hipótesis del Marcador Somático y su nivel de incidencia en el proceso de toma de decisiones

  1. Márquez, María del Rocío
  2. Salguero Alcañiz, María Pilar
  3. Paíno Quesada, Susana Gaspara
  4. Alameda Bailén, José Ramón
Zeitschrift:
REMA

ISSN: 1135-6855

Datum der Publikation: 2013

Ausgabe: 18

Nummer: 1

Seiten: 17-36

Art: Artikel

DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openDialnet editor

Andere Publikationen in: REMA

Zusammenfassung

Executive functions are an integrated set of skills involved in the production, evaluation and control of intentional behaviors. The decision-making processes are related to executive functions. According to the Somatic Marker Theory, these processes depend critically on the neural mechanisms that regulate homeostasis, emotions and feelings. The Iowa Gambling Task is a tool used to evaluate the process of decision-making. It consists of four packages of playing cards which lead to different gains and losses. According to recent studies, the Iowa Gambling Task indicates the motivational and emotional processes of decision-making that could occur at pre-rational processing levels. This study aims to determine whether the decision-making process occurs at a higher processing level, or rational, and therefore is subject to the influence of prior knowledge of each subject, or, by contrast, occurs at a most elementary or pre-rational level. To elucidate these possibilities, two groups of students from the University of Huelva completed the Iowa Gambling Task. One group consisted of business management students, who were familiar with numbers and handling money, and another group consisted of Humanities students, who were less familiar with numbers. The results showed no differences between groups in the Prospect-Valence Learning model parameters. Therefore, the data suggest that processing takes place in pre-rational level, which fits with the principles of the Somatic Marker Theory

Bibliographische Referenzen

  • Ahn, W. Y., Busemeyer, J. R., Wagenmakers, E. J. y Stout, J. C. (2008). Comparison of decision learning models using the generalization criterion method. Cognitive Science, 32, 1376–1402.
  • Alameda, J. R., Paíno, S. y Mogedas, A. I. (2012). Toma de decisiones en consumidores de cannabis. Adicciones, 24, 161-172.
  • Barkley, R. A. (2001). The executive functions and self-regulation: an evolutionary neuropsychological perspective. Neuropsychology Review, 11, 1-29.
  • Balodis, I. M., MacDonald, T. K. y Olmstead, M. C. (2006). Instructional cues modify performance on the Iowa Gambling Task. Brain and Cognition, 60, 109-117.
  • Bechara, A. y Damasio, H. (2002). Decision-making and addiction (par. I): Impaired activation of somatic states in substance dependent individuals when pondering decisions with negative future consequences. Neuropsychologia, 40, 1675-1689.
  • Bechara, A., Damasio, A. R., Damasio, H. y Anderson, S. W. (1994). Insensitivity to future consequences following damage to human prefrontal cortex. Cognition, 50, 7-15.
  • Bechara, A., Damasio, H. y Damasio, A. R. (2000). Emotion, decision-making and the orbitofrontal cortex. Cerebral Cortex, 10, 295-307.
  • Bechara, A., Damasio, H. y Damasio, A.R. (2003). The role of the amygdala in decision making. En P. Shinnick-Gallagher, A. Pitkanen, A. Shekhar y L. Cahill (Eds.), The Amygdala in Brain Function: Basic and Clinical Approaches. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 985,356-369.
  • Bechara, A., Damasio, H., Tranel, D. y Damasio, A.R. (1997). Deciding advantageously before knowing the advantageous strategy. Science, 275, 1293-1295. B
  • Bechara, A., Dolan, S., Denburg, N., Hindes, A., Anderson, S. W. y Nathan, P. E. (2001). Decision making déficits, linked to a dysfunctional ventromedial prefrontal cortex, revealed in alcohol and stimulant abusers. Neuropsychologia, 39, 376-389.
  • Bechara, A., Tranel, D. y Damasio, H. (2000). Characterization of the decision-making deficit of patients with ventromedial prefrontal cortex lesions. Brain, 123, 2189-2202.
  • Bolla, K. I., Eldrech, D. A., Matochik, J. A. y Cadet, J. L. (2004). Sex-related Differences in a Gambling Task and Its Neurological Correlates. Cerebral Cortex, 14, 1226-1232.
  • Bos, R. van den, Houx, B.B. y Spruijt, B. M. (2006). The effect of reward magnitude differences on choosing disadvantageous decks in the Iowa Gambling Task. Biologycal psichology, 71, 155-161.
  • Busemeyer, J. R. y Stout, J. C. (2002). A contribution of cognitive decision models to clinical assessment: Decomposing performance on the Bechara gambling task. Psychological Assessment, 14(3), 253–262.
  • Contreras, D., Catena, A., Cándido, A., Perales, J. C. y Maldonado, A. (2008). Funciones de la corteza prefrontal ventromedial en la toma de decisiones emocionales. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 8(1), 285-313.
  • Crone, E. A., Somsen, R. J., Beek, B. V., van der Molen, M. W., (2004). Heartrate and skinconductance analysis of antecendents and consequences of decisionmaking. Psychophysiology 41, 531–540.
  • Damasio, A. R. (2004). El error de Descartes. Barcelona: Crítica. (Orig. 1994).
  • Davidson, R. J. (2002). Anxiety and affective style: Role of prefrontal cortex and amygdala. Biological Psychiatry, 51, 68-80.
  • DeDonno, M. A. y Demaree, H. A. (2008). Perceived time pressure and de Iowa Gambling Task. Judgment and Decision Making, 3, 636-640.
  • Denburg, N. L., Tranel, D., y Bechara, A. (2005). The ability to decide advantageously declines prematurely in some normal older persons. Neuropsychologia, 43, 1099-1106.
  • Dunn, B. D., Dalgleish, T. y Lawrence, A. D. (2006). The somatic-marker hypothesis: A critical evaluation. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 30, 239-271.
  • Erev, I. y Barron, G. (2005). On adaptation, maximization, and reinforcement learning among cognitive strategies. Psychological Review, 112(4), 912–931.
  • Evans, C. E. Y., Kemish, K., yTurnbull, O. H. (2004). Paradoxical effects of education on the Iowa Gambling Task. Brain and Cognition, 54, 240-244.
  • Fernie, G. y Tunney, R. J. (2006). Some decks are better than others: The effect of reinforcer type and task instructions on learning in the Iowa Gambling Task. Brain and Cognition, 60, 94-102. Fridberg, D. J., Queller, S., Ahn, W. Y., Kim, W., Bishara, A. J. Busemeyer, J. R., Porrino, L. y Stout, J. C. (2010). Cognitive mechanisms underlying risky decision-making in chronic cannabis users. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 54, 28–38.
  • Gordillo, F., Salvador, J., Arana J. M., Mestas, L., Meilán, J. J. G. y Carro, J. (2010). Estudio de la toma de decisiones en una variante de la Iowa Gambling Task. Revista Electrónica de Motivación y Emoción, 34.
  • Grant, S., Contoreggi, C. y London, E. D. (2000). Drug abusers show impaired performance in a laboratory test of decision-making. Neuropsychologia, 38, 1180-1187.
  • Hooper, C. J., Luciana, M., Conklin, H. M. y Yarger, R. S. (2004). Adolescents’ performance on the Iowa Gambling Task: Implications for the development of decision-making and ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Developmental Psychology, 40, 1148-1158.
  • Kerr, A., y Zelazo, P. D. (2004). Development of “hot” executive function: TheChildren’s Gambling Task. Brain and Cognition, 55, 148–157.
  • Lamar, M., y Resnick, S. M. (2004). Aging and prefrontal functions: dissociating orbitofrontal and dorsolateral abilities. Neurobiology of Aging, 25, 553-558.
  • Lin, C. H., Chiu, Y. C. y Huang, J. T. (2009). Gain-loss frequency and final outcome in the Soochow Gambling Task: A Reassessmente. Behavioral and BrainFunction, 5:45.
  • Lin C. H., Chiu Y. C., Lee P. L. y Hsieh J. C. (2007). Is deck B a disadvantageous deck in the Iowa Gambling Task? Behavioral and BrainFunction, 3:16.
  • Maia, T. V., McClelland, J. L., 2004. A reexamination of the evidence for the somatic marker hypothesis: what participants really know in the Iowa gambling task. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA (PNAS) 101, 16075–16080.
  • Miyake, A., Friedman, N. P., Emerson, M. J., Witzky, A. H. y Howerther, A. (2000). The unity and diversity of executive function and their contribution to complex frontal lobe tasks: a latent variable analysis. Cognitive Psychology, 41, 49-100.
  • Mogedas, A. I. y Alameda, J. R. (2011). Toma de decisiones en pacientes drogodependientes. Adicciones.23, 277-287
  • Overman, W. H. (2004). Sex differences in early childhood, adolescence, and adulthood on cognitive tasks that rely on orbital prefrontal cortex. Brain and Cognition, 55, 134147.
  • Overman, W., Frassrand, K, Ansel, S., Trawalter, S., Bies, B. y Redmond, A. (2004). Performance on the IOWA card task by adolescents and adults. Neuropsychologia, 42, 1838-1851.
  • Palacios, E., Paíno, S. G. y Alameda, J. R. (2010). Programa Cartas. Descargado: http://www.telecable.es/personales/elias.palacios/CartasSetup.jar.
  • Reavis, R., Overman, W. H. (2001) Adult sex differences on a decision-making task previously shown to depend on the orbital prefrontal cortex. Behavioral Neuroscience, 115, 115-196
  • Rescorla, R. A. y Wagner, A. R. (1972). A theory of Pavlovian conditioning: Variations in the effectiveness of reinforcement and non reinforcement. En A. H. Black y W. F. Prokasy (Eds.), Classical conditioning II (pp. 64–99).
  • Appleton-Century-Crofts. Roberts, A. C., Robbins, T. W. y Weiskrantz, L. (1998). The Prefrontal Cortex: Executive and Cognitive Functions. Nueva York: Oxford University Press.
  • Stuss, D. T. y Alexander, M. P. (2000). Executive functions and the frontal lobes: a conceptual view. Psychological Research, 63, 289-298.
  • Stuss, D. T. y Knight, R. T. (Eds.) (2002). Principles of frontal lobe functioning. Nueva York: Oxford University Press.
  • Tekin, S. y Cummings, J. L. (2002). Frontal-subcortical neuronal circuits and clinical neuropsychiatry: An update. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 53, 647-654.
  • Turnbull, O. H., Evans, C. E., Bunce, A., Carzolio, B. y O´Connor, J. (2005). Emotion based learning and central executive resources: an investigation of intuition and the Iowa Gambling Task. Brain and Cognition, 57, 244-247.
  • Verdejo-García, A., Pérez-García, M. y Bechara, A. (2006). Emotion, Decision-Making and Substance Dependence: A Somatic-Marker Model of Addiction. Current Neuropharmacology, 4, 17-31.
  • Verdejo-García, A., Vilar-López, R., Pérez-García, M., Podell, K. y Goldberg, E. (2006). Altered adaptive but not veridical decision-making in substance dependent individuals. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 12, 90-99.
Fuente de los datos: Dialnet