Tolerancia religiosa y libertad de expresión en la Inglaterra del siglo XVII: Milton vs. Locke

  1. María Nieves Saldaña 1
  1. 1 Universidad de Huelva
    info

    Universidad de Huelva

    Huelva, España

    ROR https://ror.org/03a1kt624

Revista:
Historia constitucional: Revista Electrónica de Historia Constitucional

ISSN: 1576-4729

Año de publicación: 2020

Número: 21

Páginas: 695-729

Tipo: Artículo

Otras publicaciones en: Historia constitucional: Revista Electrónica de Historia Constitucional

Resumen

Una intepretación holística de la Areopagitica confirma que Milton consigue mantener una aproximación más secular de la libertad de expresión que la ofrecida por sus contemporáneos, de manera que aunque la oratoria miltoniana está imbuida de las doctrinas religiosas que caracterizaron a los escritos de la etapa puritana, están, sin embargo, subordinadas al emergente proceso de secularización que implementa el humanismo racionalista de sus doctrinas políticas, de ahí que el postulado contractual de igual libertad constituya la única barrera infranqueable que Milton señala a toda doctrina política o religiosa, asunto paradigmáticamente reflejado en el rechazo de los católicos, basado especialmente en un fundamento político e histórico, antes que religioso. Deterninismo pactista de naturaleza secular presente también en la tímida defensa que John Locke ofrece sobre la libertad de expresión en el marco del discurso sobre la tolerancia religiosa, de ahí que el ámbito de tolerancia proclamado por el fundador del liberalismo político se detenga, al igual que Milton, a las puertas del templo católico. Aunque la fuerza expansiva que alcanza el derecho de propiedad conduce a una jerarquización de los fines que justifican al Estado burgués y utilitarista que Locke diseña, de ahí su escasa contribución al diacrónico proceso de conceptualización de la libertad de expresión.

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