Satisfacción sobre la educación en salud materno infantil de las madres de Huelva

Résumé

Objectives Main objective: To find out about the participant's perception and their satisfaction of their local available support during pregnancy, postpartum and early childhood periods. Specific objectives: 1. To describe the relationship between satisfaction levels and sociodemographics and other raising children variables. 2. To determine the major social networks maternal information along the pregnancy. 3. To identify the main obstacles found and who they go to solve them. 4. To determine the prevalence and duration of Breastfeeding (BF) and their relationship. 5. To describe the relationship between BF and sociodemographic, obstetric and maternal and child variables. 6. To know the age of introduction of the complementary feeding (CF). 7. To find out the mother's satisfaction's level with the information received on their children's vaccination's program in Huelva's health centres. 8. To identify the coverage of the childhood vaccines (systematics and recommended) until the two years old. 9. To analyse the opinion of the mothers related to the information/education about maternal and child health received. 10. To relate the views of the health professionals to the testimonies of mothers and their work experiences. 11. To formulate the proposed improvements from users and health professionals for both, the field of primary care and hospital. Methodology A quantitative and qualitative study consisting on two designs was performed. In the quantitative one a questionnaire was developed and 268 women (12-24 months old children mothers) were interviewed in the various local health facilities. 22 variables, primarily with sociodemographic characteristics, were analysed. In the qualitative study, the data were collected through a focus group (n=6 mothers), semi-structured interviews (n=10 health professionals) and field observation. Results The average satisfaction score of the participants was 7,15 (DE 1,74) out of 10, CI (6,94-7,36). There are factors that influence the overall satisfaction such as age, the local health centre, childbirth preparation, breastfeeding and activities. The women main network along the pregnancy is the midwife, followed by the family and own experience. The introduction of the CF is the main obstacle. Initiated exclusive BF 52,9%, CI (46,99-58,91). At 6 months remains the 19,7%, CI (15,33-24,87). The BF is related to: the mothers' education, number of children, own experience, workshops childbirth preparation, level of satisfaction of maternal and child education, seeking help on BF and know the group Huelva Lacta. Most of the mother initiate the CF around the 4 months old and the average satisfaction score of the participants was 7,37 (DE 1,56), CI (7,18-7,55) and for vaccines, 6.64 (DE 1,930) out of 10 CI (6,42-6,88). It is confirmed that the children who took part on this study complied with the Andalusian Vaccines' Program (PVA). There are other three optional vaccines that were not included on the PVA which weren't covered by the Spanish national health care insurance and therefore weren't free of charge, consequently not all children received them (pneumococcal vaccine, against the chickenpox and rotavirus). In the qualitative design the mothers gave their opinions about: pregnancy, birth, postpartum, BF, CF and vaccines. They offered suggestions related to humanity and the training of the health personnel. The health professionals did not see reflected these testimonies with their day to day, on the other hand, they concern to work with women with a lack of empowerment and delegating decision and responsibilities. Conclusions It is concluded that the participants were satisfied with the maternal and childhood health education programs and support provided by their local health centres and their satisfaction levels were conditioned by different factors. Midwife and pregnant women's mothers are so important in pregnancy, but as soon as the baby is born, the paediatrician is the main support. The introduction of postpartum maternal education sessions could diminish these consultations, as well as happens in other cities. One of the main topics is the introduction of the CF and the advice they receive is just about the traditional method, so they get support by their families. The prevalence and duration of the BF is far away from the WHO recommendations and one of the reasons is to start the CF and the issue of the mother to return to work. Vaccines are well accepted by mothers and just the ones that are not free causes the doubts in mothers. Economic levels and the opinion of the doctor are the main influences. There're people that look forward improvements and fight for them, others just fit and shape.