El fortalecimiento de las mipymes como instrumento para el desarrollo económico territorial de Quevedo-Ecuador

Abstract

One of the main actors in the development process are the Small and Medium Enterprise (MSMEs), since they generate employment and help improve the quality of life of people. Unfortunately, many of them are still managed empirically, without any technical or professional support, in addition the general and specific environment influence, in order that many of them are weak and with serious problems. With this framework, the present research alms to promote the development of MSMEs, as a tool to promote local development of Quevedo-Ecuador, by searching for the main factors that Influence the weakening. For that, we define a theoretical model in which are grouped the different explanatory factors of the survival, weakening of MSMEs and that would serve to carry out the empirical analysis. In the future, results can be used as a source of information to improve strategic decisions in the business fabric and it may be proposed to strengthen this important sector as an engine of economic and social development of the territory. In this empirical research, which aims to Identify, define and prioritize the factors that influence the weakening of the MSMEs In Quevedo, the results of two surveys are presented, the first using the Delphi qualitative technique to the experts of the sector: teachers of the Universidad Técnica Estatal de Quevedo and foreign universities, local researchers and businessmen; As well as the structured survey directed to the microentrepreneurs of the city of Quevedo, this survey was considered to do it only to the micro-enterprises because they are considered majority, within the business fabric, The surveys were carried out randomly, the research was non-experimenta! transversal, information was obtained through the questionnaire, It allowed us to achieve the objectives and the established hypotheses, based on the theoretical model, a descriptive analysis was performed, it was contrasted with the Results of the experts and the different items were related with each other through a correlation analysis and the date was compressed, using the technique of the main components, to determine the main factors that affect the survival and weakening of microenterprises in Quevedo. After analyzing the results of the experts, using the qualitative technique Delphi and the survey to the microentrepreneurs of the city of Quevedo through the descriptive, correlational and multivariate analysis, with the technique of the main components, we conclude that the internal factors Which most influence the performance of microenterprises are: the lack of training of entrepreneurs and employees, and the little or almost no incentive to employees. Another factor that affects the performance of microenterprises is the lack of motivation to continue with the business project and the absence of entrepreneurial culture among Quevedo's entrepreneurs. We realize that in the microentrepreneur there is a spirit of conformism, because he conforms only with what he does dally, with little vision of the future, no plans, it was confirmed by consultation with experts. It is necessary to value It socially, giving Importance to the role of the entrepreneur, we require good entrepreneurs to contribute to society, who are visionary, ethical, responsible and that participates actively In the process of development of the territory. Also, liquidity problems still persist in microentrepreneurs, caused by the decrease in sales in 2016, making It difficult to fulfill obligations and commitments with suppliers. On the other hand, among the external factors, the main variables that Influence are the economic performance of the country, the lack of legal security, excessive taxes and the bargaining power of the customers. That Is, the economic situation of the country has a direct impact on the performance of micro-enterprises, bringing with it little legal security. On the other hand, the tax burden Is a restriction on the performance of micro-enterprises and the bargaining power of customers, influences business performance too. It is clearly seen that micro-entrepreneurs operate in a very limited and competitive market so sales and income are going to be diminished. To conclude, one of the main recommendations I make in this research is to promote the development of associative processes and training among entrepreneurs of the different sectors of the city of Quevedo, to Increase their competitiveness in the market and improve their business performance. Micro-enterprises need to be strengthened to successfully confront the local, national and international market; Develop and combine their resources and capabilities in a better way to be competitive in the market, enabling them to make technological and business changes, in order to anticipate the needs of consumers and the changing dynamics of the environment. The great challenges for entrepreneurs is to know new managerial techniques. In order for micro-enterprises in Quevedo to become successful and to improve their competitive position in the market, it is necessary for the entrepreneur and his employees to have academic training and to be constantly trained; It is also necessary that entrepreneurs are visionaries to take advantage of the best opportunities, improve the supply of their goods and services, participate in innovative processes, provide real labor incentives to improve microenterprise performance, maintain stability and financial capacity.