Análisis comparado de la percepción de competencias en estudiantes de enfermería en relación con el entorno en Andalucía occidental y el Algarve portugués

Resumen

With the implementation of the European Higher Education Area in Education, the term competences was introduced as a link between the different education systems of the countries that make it up to facilitate comparability and compatibility, respecting diversity. It is essential to correctly define the term to be able to evaluate it. In the Degree of Nursing, the competences in clinical practices acquire an important weight within the curriculum becoming a cornerstone for a quality learning. The health area where the practices are developed becomes a basic element for the complete development of learning since students need an adequate environment that allows them to apply their knowledge, skills and abilities, always having as reference to a health professional that stimulates , motivates and guides the whole process. It is important to know the perception of the level of competences of the students and how the environment influences them in their degree of implementation, since that will depend the future professional performance. Objective: To analyze the perception and implementation of competences in Nursing students in the last period of their training in relation to the practical clinical environment in Western Andalusia and the Portuguese Algarve. Methodology: An observational, descriptive, transversal, quantitative, prospective study was carried out. The study population was made up of all Nursing students from the universities of Huelva, Sevilla and the Portuguese Algarve, within the period from 2014 to 2017 and the sample by all the students who during this period were studying the last course . For the data collection, a combination of two previously validated instruments with a high degree of reliability were used. The Nurse Competence Scale (NCS), was used to measure the perception of competencies that relate patient support role, training, diagnostic functions, management Of situations, therapeutic interventions, quality assurance and work role. To evaluate the environment, the Practice Environment Scale: Nursing Working Index (PES-NWI) measures quality of care, leadership and management, resources and recognition, professional participation and joint practice relationships. Results: The reliability of the instruments was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, which showed satisfactory results in both scales at global level, for NCS (a: 0.97 in perception and a: 0.75 in implants) and for PES- NWI (a: 0.94). The overall level of competence perceived by students is good (70.97; VAS: 0-100). The dimensions that receive a higher self-assessment are "Role of Assistance", "Role of Work" and "Function of Diagnosis" and "Quality Assurance", "Therapeutic Interventions" and "Training Training" were those that received a lower level of perception. The environment assessment tool is good, highlighting "Management and Leadership" as more positive and the most negative perception about "Recognition and Resources". It demonstrates the existence of a significant relationship between perception and implementation of competencies. The influence of the environment is significant especially in the implementation of competencies. Conclusions: Students perceive positively their level of competence acquisition and implementation in clinical practice which is influenced by the work environment, which is valued as positive and where professionals become their referents.