Las Narrativas Transmedia en el terremoto de Ecuador (2016) : análisis Diario El Comercio, Ecuador y El País, España

Abstract

Since the very beginning of humanity, a number of events have taken place on the planet that have helped to consolidate the earth's structure. Earthquakes and natural phenomena have not been the exception; this type of event has transformed the different ways of perceiving the coexistence. Housing and architectural structures in cities, as well as communication routes, have been modified each time an earthquake has occurred. As well as the different natural phenomena that have helped the planet, there is also the evolution that communication has undergone since the beginning of humanity. Communication has been the main means of subsistence for social conglomerates. In this research, we investigate these two events. On the one hand, we analyze the effects of an earthquake and, on the other hand, we present an analysis of the information that this phenomenon generates in the media. This thesis is based on the general objective of analyzing the information content generated after the earthquake of 16A in Ecuador in 2016 through the use of transmedia tools in the digital newspapers El Comercio (Ecuador) and El País (Spain) and Facebook. The aim is also to understand the role of the audience as prosumers. A total of 1126 journalistic pieces were obtained from the digital version of El Comercio from Ecuador, and 44 journalistic pieces from the digital version of El País of Spain, in addition to a sample of 1155 publications from the social network Facebook. As a tool, a content analysis sheet was constructed, consisting of a total of 15 questions, divided into segments related to the location of the journalistic pieces, information weight, use and diversity of sources, thematic diversity, gender of the journalistic pieces, style, emphasis and hyper textual aspects, multimedia and interactivity. The results show that the most used journalistic resources are still photography and video. However, it is important to highlight the use of other resources in the Ecuadorian media, such as computer graphics, graphics, animations and audios, which provide additional elements to the way a story is told. In El País, stories are still accompanied by photography and video. In 2016 in Ecuador it became evident that social networks - mainly Facebook and Twitter - can be a positive channel for the media to channel their informative work, bounce their information and develop functions inherent to a citizen and civic journalism that society recognizes and demands above all in countries such as Latin America. On the other hand, it was possible to determine through interviews that journalists are not trained to cover this type of disaster.