Influencia de variables psicosociales y sociodemográficas sobre la incapacidad temporal en pacientes con dolor lumbar y cervical de origen laboral

Résumé

The purpose of this study was to describe the association between psychosocial factors in patients with work-related neck or low back pain (n=129), in order to study sickness leave, its duration, the disability reported, and to analyze the relationship of these factors with different sociodemographic variables. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. Data on kinesiophobia, catastrophizing, fear-avoidance beliefs, disability, and pain were gathered. Sociodemographic variables analyzed included sex, age, occupational, and educational level. Other data such as location of pain, sick leave status and duration of sickness absence were also collected. Educational level (P=0.001), occupational level (p<0.001), and kinesiophobia (p<0.001) were found to be associated with sickness leave; kinesiophobia (B=1.47, P=0.002, r=0.35) and catastrophizing (B=0.72, P=0.012, r=0.28) were associated with the duration of sickness leave. Educational level (P=0.021), kinesiophobia (b=1.69, P<0.000, r=0.505), catastrophizing (b=0.76, P<0.000, r=0.372), and intensity of pain (b=4.36, P<0.000, r=0.334) were associated with the degree of disability. Fear-avoidance behaviors are related with sick absence status (OR=1.048, P=0.007), being the physical activity dimension (OR=1.098, P=0.013) more relevant than the work dimension (OR=1.056, P=0.028). The duration of sickness absence is related to higher values in the fear-avoidance behaviors scale in its global dimension (b=0.84, P=0.003, r=0.327), being the results of the physical activity dimension (b=1.37, P=0.035, r=0.236) more relevant than the work dimension (b=1.21, P=0.003, r=0.324). Fear-avoidance is related to disability in both dimensions (b=0.912, P?0.001, r=0.505). In a context of occupational insurance providers, educational and occupational factors, as well as kinesiophobia and catastrophizing, may have an influence on sickness leave, its duration and the degree of disability reported. Fear-avoidance behaviors may influence the typification of the status of sick absence, its duration, both in its physical activity and work dimensions, and disability reported with higher values than in other healthcare contexts.