Masculinidades no hegemónicas en el Chile post dictadura

Laburpena

This PhD thesis reflects upon the construction of counterhegemonic masculinities and the tensions that this construction creates when it is related with the capitalist neoliberal context imposed in Chile by the military dictatorship. The profound transformations in Chilean society generated due to this reason undoubtedly affected and continue to affect the definition of divergent masculinities which are considered abject due to their distance from the hegemonic model. This dominant model is sustained by structures of masculinities that emphasize the subaltern character of the counterhegemonic subject in order to facilitate contexts of social exclusion and demonization. The relevance of this thesis lies, on the one hand, in researching the processes that promote hegemonic masculinities as a neoliberal dominant project, and on the other, in the study and visibility of power relations and subordination which hinder the emergence of a complex and inclusive society because it prevents the recognition of the value of the different male diversities even in contemporary Chile. The methodological approach is based on the complexity paradigm and draws from the contributions of the qualitative perspective and the phenomenological design. By means of semi-structured interviews it was possible to have access to the experiences of thirteen subjects coming from the main urban centers, born after dictatorship, who self-identify with counterhegemonic masculinities. The data obtained in these interviews was structured using QDA Quirkos software as the main basis for the development of critical discourse analysis. The results were organized in six emerging categories that show male diversities as fomenting social inclusion and the respect for differences as they question hegemonic patriarchal parameters that are linked to the local neoliberal capitalism and its influence on the interaction of subjects marginalized in subalternity contexts. Thus, the formation of male sexual diversities in Chile is clearly proved, which locates the abject subject in a social subaltern position, together with the important repercussions that the dictatorial neoliberal political project continues to have on their lives and on the very definition of their masculinities. Besides, the conclusions point out at the possibility to propose and build alternative spaces for the acknowledgment of differences as paths to visibility, appreciation and construction of a more inclusive and egalitarian Chilean society.