Dificultades económicas y acceso al empleo en el tránsito a la vida adulta de la juventud con medida administrativa de protección

  1. Deibe Fernández-Simo
  2. Delia Arrollo Resino
  3. Celia Corchuelo-Fernández
  4. Carmen María Aránzazu Cejudo Cortés
Journal:
Pedagogía social: revista interuniversitaria

ISSN: 1139-1723

Year of publication: 2022

Issue: 40

Pages: 97-112

Type: Article

DOI: 10.7179/PSRI_2022.40.06 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openDialnet editor

More publications in: Pedagogía social: revista interuniversitaria

Abstract

Young people in care find themselves in a precarious situation when they age out of the system. If they are to achieve the independence they desire, as well as sufficient personal well-being, they must have access to monetary resources. Starting from this premise, our study examines the differential effect of employment status (employed or unemployed) on each dimension of the EDATVA autonomy scale and Ryff’s well-being scale. It also identifies any significant differences between vulnerable youth with and without financial difficulties for each of these dimensions. To this end, we designed a quantitative study using a series of validated surveys to be completed online. The sample comprised 102 individuals who either lived in, or had recently left, group homes providing support for young people transitioning to adult life. Breakdown by sex was 62.7% male and 36.3% female. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney U test and the R statistics software suite. Results indicated that having employment affected participants’ well-being, but not their level of autonomy. Significant differences between employed and unemployed youth were detected in the total score and in the following dimensions: positive relations; purpose in life; self-acceptance; and environmental mastery. Significant differences between individuals with and without financial difficulties were also apparent in the autonomy scale’s critical thinking and self-organization dimensions; and in the well-being scale dimensions of self-acceptance, purpose in life, positive relations, environmental mastery, and personal growth, as well as the total score. These results provide a better understanding of how the specific situation of this group differs from that of other young people. Our findings provide important insights for the design of social and educational strategies to support these individuals as they transition to adult life.

Bibliographic References

  • Ahn, N., Mochón, F., & de Juan, R. (2012). La felicidad de los jóvenes. Papers: revista de sociología, 97(2), 407-430. https://doi.org/10.5565/rev/papers/v97n2.136
  • Adler, A., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2016). Using wellbeing for public politic: theory, measurement, and recommendations. International Journal of Wellbeing, 6, 1–35. https://doi.org/10.5502/Ijw.V6i1.429
  • Arnett, J. J. (2015). Emerging Adulthood: The Winding road From the Late Teens Through the Twenties. Oxford University Press.
  • Barker, J. (2014). Alone together: the strategies of autonomy and relatedness in the lives of homeless youth. Journal of Youth Studies, 17(6), 763-777. http://doi.org/10.1080/13676261.2013.853874
  • Bernal, T., Melendro, M., & Charry, C. (2020). Transition to adulthood autonomy scale for young people: design and validation. Frontiers in Psychology, 11(457). http://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00457
  • Berridge, D., Luke, N., Sebba, J., Strand, S., Cartwright, M., Staples, E., McGrath-Lone, L., Ward, J., & O’Higgins, A. (2020). Children in need and children in care: Educational attainment and progress. University of Oxford Depart-ment of Education/University of Bristol.
  • Bilbao, M., Torres-Vallejos, J., & Juarros-Basterretxea. J. (2021). Bienestar subjetivo en niños, niñas y adolescentes del Sistema de Protección de Infancia y Justicia Juvenil en Chile. Inclusão Social, 13(2), 208-219. http://revista.ibict.br/inclusao/article/view/5523
  • Bojanowska A., & Piotrowski K. (2019). Values and psychological well-being among adolescents–are some values ‘healthier’than others?. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 16, 402–416. http://doi.org/10.1080/17405629.2018.1438257
  • Cabrera C. C., Caldas J., Rivera D., & Carrillo S. M. (2019). Influencia del programa “Florece” en el bienestar psicológico de jóvenes universitarios. Archivos. Venezolanos Farmacología y Terapéutica, 38(5), 53–563. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12442/5023
  • Campos, G. Goig, R., & Cuenca, E. (2020). Relevance of the social support network for the emancipation of young adults leaving residential care. Electronic Journal of Research in Educational Psychology, 18(1), 27-54. https://doi.org/10.25115/ejrep.v18i50.2599
  • Casas, F., Alfaro, J., Figuer, C., Valdenegro, B., Crous, G., & Oyarzún, D. (2014). Bienestar subjetivo y trabajo en jóvenes universitarios: Estudio comparativo entre Chile y España. Revista Psicologia: Organizações e Trabalho, 14(4), 381- 393. http://pepsic.bvsalud.org/pdf/rpot/v14n4/v14n4a05.pdf
  • Charry, C., Goig, R., & Martínez, I. (2020). Psychological Well-Being and Youth Autonomy: Comparative Analysis of Spain and Colombia. Frontiers in Psychology, 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.564232
  • Cid, X.M., & Fernández-Simo, J.D. (2014). Dificultades de los menores en protección ante la superación de etapas escolares y la emancipación. Saber educar, 19, 128-137. http://dx.doi.org/10.17346/se.vol19.93
  • Crous G. (2017). Child psychological well-being and its associations with material deprivation and type of home. Children and Youth Services Review, 80, 88–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2017.06.051
  • De la Fuente, R., & González-Castro, J. L. (2009). Empleo, formación e inserción de colectivos en riesgo de exclusión. Un reto social y económico para la empresa receptora. Bordón, 61(3), 33-46.
  • Díaz, D., Rodríguez-Carvajal, R., Blanco, A., Moreno-Jiménez, B., Gallardo, I., Valle, C., et al. (2006). Adaptación española de las escalas de bienestar psicológico de Ryff. Psicothema, 18(3), 572–577.
  • Dill, K., Flynn, R. J., Hollingshead, M., & Fernandes, A. (2012). Improving the educational achievement of young people in out-of-home care. Children and Youth Services Review, 6(34), 1081-1083. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2012.01.031
  • Dixon, J. (2016). Opportunities and challenges: supporting journeys into education and employment for young people leaving care in England. Revista Española de Pedagogía, (263), 13-29.
  • Dominguez-Lara, S. (2018). Magnitud del efecto, una guía rápida. Educación médica, 19(4), 251-254. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.edumed.2017.07.002
  • Dutra-Thomé, L., Marques, L. F., Seidl-de-Moura, M. L., Ramos, D. D. O., & Koller, S. (2019). Desarrollo de la autonomía: diferencias por Sexo y Edad desde la Adolescencia hasta la Adultez Emergente. Acta de investigación psicológica, 9(2), 14-24. https://doi.org/10.22201/fpsi.20074719e.2019.2.259
  • Escarbajal-Frutos, A., Izquierdo-Rus, T., & López-Martínez, O. (2014). Análisis del bienestar psicológico en grupos en riesgo de exclusión social. Anales de Psicología, 30(2), 541-548. https://dx.doi.org/10.6018/analesps.30.2.156591
  • Espluga, J., Baltiérrez, J., & Lemkow, L. (2005). Relaciones entre la salud, el desempleo de larga duración y la exclusión social de los jóvenes en España. Cuadernos de trabajo social, 17, 45-62.
  • Fernández-García, A. (2017). Formación para el empleo de los jóvenes en dificultad social. Pedagogía social: revista interuniversitaria, 29, 213-216. https://dx.doi.org/0.SE7179/PSRI_2017.29.15
  • Fernández-Simo, D., & Cid Fernández, X. M. (2018). Análisis longitudinal de la transición a la vida adulta de las personas segregadas del sistema de protección a la infancia y a la adolescencia. Bordón, 70(2), 25-38. https://dx.doi.org/10.13042/Bordon.2018.54539
  • Fernández-Simo, D., Cid, X. M., & Carrera, M. V. (2020). Defcits of adaptability and reversibility in the socio-educational strategy for youth in protection services during the transition to adult life. Children and Youth Services Review, 117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105302
  • Fernández-Simo, D., Cid-Fernández, X.M., & Carrera-Fernández, M.V. (2021). Socio-Educational Support Deficits in the Emancipation of Protected Youth in Spain. Child &Youth Care Forum. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10566-021-09631-3
  • García-Alandete, J. (2013). Bienestar psicológico, edad y género en universitarios españoles. Salud & Sociedad, 4(1), 48- 58. http://pepsic.bvsalud.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-74752013000100004&lng=pt&nrm=iso
  • Goig, R., & Martínez, I. (2019). La transición a la vida adulta de los jóvenes extutelados. una mirada hacia la dimensión “vida residencial”. Bordón, 71(2), 71-84. https://doi.org/10.13042/Bordon.2019.6790
  • Greeson, J. K., Garcia, A. R., Kim, M., Thompson, A. E., & Courtney, M. E. (2015). Development & maintenance of social support among aged out Foster youth who received independent living services: Results from the Multi-Site Evaluation of Foster Youth Programs. Children and youth services review, 53, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2015.03.016
  • Huamani, J. C., & Arias, W. L. (2018). Modelo predictivo del Bienestar Psicológico a partir de la Satisfacción con la Vida en jóvenes de la ciudad de Arequipa (Perú). Revista Latinoamericana de Ciencia Psicológica, 10(2), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.5872/psiencia/10.2.21
  • Krabbenborg, M. A., Boersma, S. N., van der Veld, W. M., Vollebergh, W. A., & Wolf, J. R. (2017). Self-determination in relation to quality of life in homeless young adults: Direct and indirect effects through psychological distress and social support. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 12(2), 130-140. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2016.1163404
  • Joshanloo, M. (2019). Investigating the relationships between subjective well-being and psychological well-being over two decades. Emotion, 19, 183–187. https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0000414
  • Marrero, R. J., & Carballeira, M. (2010). El papel del optimismo y del apoyo social en el bienestar subjetivo. Salud mental, 33(1), 39-46.
  • Maurya P. K., & Ojha S. (2017). Gender and locale differences in psychological well-being among adolescents. Indian Journals of Human Relations, 51, 136–146
  • Mayordomo, T., Sales, A., Satorres, E., & Meléndez, J. C. (2016). Bienestar psicológico en función de la etapa de vida, el sexo y su interacción. Pensamiento psicológico, 14(2), 101-112. https://doi.org/10.11144/Javerianacali.PPSI14-2.bpfe
  • Medina, F., & Galván, M. (2007). Imputación de datos: teoría y práctica. Cepal.
  • Meléndez, J. C., Agustí, A. I., Delhom, I., Reyes, M. F., & Satorres, E. (2018). Bienestar subjetivo y psicológico: comparación de jóvenes y adultos mayores. Summa Psicol. UST, 15, 18–24. https://doi.org/10.18774/0719-448x.2018.15.335
  • Melendro, M. (2011). El tránsito a la vida adulta de los jóvenes en dificultad social: la incidencia de la intervención socioeducativa y la perspectiva de profesionales y empresarios. Revista de educación, 356, 327-352. https://doi.org/10-4438/1988-592X-RE-2011-356-042
  • Melendro, M., De-Juanas, A. y Rodríguez, A. E. (2017). Défcits en la intervención socioeducativa con familias de adolescentes en riesgo de exclusión. Bordón, 69(1), 127–138. https://doi.org/10.13042/Bordon.2016.48596
  • Melendro, M., Campos, G., De-Juanas, A., García, F.J., Goig, R.M., Martínez, I. & Rodríguez, A.E. (2019) CUESTIONARIOS EVAP (Evaluación de la Autonomía Personal). Registro Territorial de la Propiedad Intelectual de la Comunidad de Madrid, Nº M-004026/2019
  • Melendro, M., Campos, G., Rodríguez-Bravo, A. E., & Arroyo, D. (2020). Young People’s Autonomy and Psychological Well-Being in the Transition to Adulthood: A Pathway Analysis. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 1946. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01946
  • Minitab (18 de abril del 2019). ¿Cómo Elegir entre una Prueba no Paramétrica y una Prueba Paramétrica?. El Blog de Minitab. https://blog.minitab.com/es/como-elegir-entre-una-prueba-no-parametrica-y-una-prueba-parametrica
  • Montserrat, C., & Casas, F. (2018). The education of children and adolescents in out-of-home care: A problem or an opportunity? Results of a longitudinal study. European Journal of Social Work, 21(5), 750-763. https://doi.org/10.108 0/13691457.2017.1318832
  • Montserrat, C., Llosada-Gistau, J., Casas, F., & Sitjes, R. (2019). Different Perceptions Regarding the Education of Children in Care: The Perspectives of Teachers, Caregivers and Children in Residential Care. In P. McNamara, C. Montserrat, & S. Wise (Eds.), Education in Out-of-Home Care. International Perspectives on Policy, Practice and Research (Vol. 22, pp. 197–210). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-26372-0
  • Moral, J. C. M., Agustí, A. I., Delhom, I., Rodríguez, M. F. R., & Satorres, E. (2018). Bienestar subjetivo y psicológico: comparación de jóvenes y adultos mayores. Summa Psicológica UST, 15(1), 18-24. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6353-6035
  • Oshana, M. (2016). Personal Autonomy in Society. Routledge.
  • Oudekerk, B., Allen, J., Hessel, E., & Molloy, L. (2015). The cascading development of autonomy and relatedness from adolescence to adulthood. Child Development, 86(2), 472–485. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12313
  • yanedel, J.C., Bilbao, M. A. &, Mella, C. (2013) Midiendo el bienestar subjetivo: aspectos conceptuales y metodológicos. En Martínez, R, Ivanovic-Zuvic, R., Unanue, W. (eds). Felicidad: Evidencias y experiencias para cambiar nuestro mundo (p.73-90). Sociedad de Neurología, Psiquiatría y Neurocirugía.
  • Pardo, A., & San Martín, R, (2010). Análisis de datos en Ciencias Sociales y de la Salud II. Editorial Síntesis
  • Patil, I. (2021). Visualizations with statistical details: The ‘ggstatsplot’ approach. Journal of Open Source Software, 6(61), 3167. http://orcid.org/10.21105/joss.03167
  • Prioste, A., Tavares, P., Silva, C. S., & Magalhães, E. (2020). The relationship between family climate and identity development processes: the moderating role of developmental stages and outcomes. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 29, 1525-1536. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-019-01600-8
  • Reis H. T., Sheldon K. M., Gable S. L., Roscoe J., & Ryan R. M. (2018). Daily Well-Being: The Role of Autonomy, Competence, and Relatedness. In Harry T. Reis (Ed.), Relationships, Well-Being and Behaviour (pp. 317–349). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203732496
  • Sala-Roca, J., Biarnés, A. V., García, M. J., & Sabates, L. A. (2012). Socializationprocess and social supportnetworks of out-of-careyoungsters. Children and Youth Services Review, 34(5), 1015-1023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2012.02.002
  • Schofield, G., Larsson, B., & Ward, E. (2017). Risk, resilience and identity construction in the life narratives of young people leaving residential care. Child & Family Social Work, 22(2), 782-791. https://doi.org/10.1111/cfs.12295
  • Seligman, M. E. (2011). Flourish: a visionary new understanding of happiness and well-being. Free Press
  • Waterman, A. S., Schwartz, S. J., Zamboanga, B. L., Ravert, R. D., Williams, M. K., Bede Agocha, V., et al. (2010). The questionnaire for eudaimonic well-being: psychometric properties, demographic comparisons, and evidence of validity. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 5, 41–61. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760903435208
  • Wickham, H., & Wickham, M. H. (2017). Package tidyverse. Easily Install and Load the ‘Tidyverse.