Síndrome de burnout y resiliencia en árbitros de fútbol y baloncesto

  1. Arbinaga Ibarzábal, Félix 1
  2. Fernández Ozcorta, Eduardo 1
  3. Herrera-Macías, Pedro Pablo 1
  4. Vela-Calderón, Diego 1
  1. 1 Universidad de Huelva, España
Aldizkaria:
Revista de psicología del deporte

ISSN: 1132-239X,  1988-5636

Argitalpen urtea: 2019

Alea: 28

Zenbakia: 2

Orrialdeak: 23-32

Mota: Artikulua

DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openDDD editor

Beste argitalpen batzuk: Revista de psicología del deporte

Laburpena

Burnout syndrome is analyzed in soccer and basketball referees, along with the relationship between resilience scores and this syndrome. The sample was composed of 265 referees (41. 9% were soccer referees and 58. 1% basketball). Evaluations were conducted using the Burnout in Sport Revised Questionnaire (IBD-R) and the Resilience Scale (RS). The soccer referees, when compared with those of basketball, showed greater emotional exhaustion (p = . 002), depersonalization (p = . 024) and personal fulfillment (p < . 001). Those who obtained high scores on resilience (29. 8%) (> 147 points in RS) in comparison with those who obtained low resilience scores (70. 2%), showed lower emotional exhaustion (p = . 007) and reduced personal achievement (p < . 001); but there were no differences in depersonalization (p = . 561). Soccer referees have a greater risk of obtaining scores that indicate low resilience [OR = 2. 83] compared with basketball referees (p < . 001; 95% CI. [1. 58-5. 06]). It was found that Personal Competency produces the greatest explanatory increase (ΔR2 = . 207) and predictive capacity (β = . 539) for Personal Achievement. In future, it would be interesting to analyze both the contextual variables and the coping strategies used by the participants to determine the differences observed in burnout and resilience.

Erreferentzia bibliografikoak

  • Alonso-Arbiol, I., Falcó, F., López, M., Ordaz, B. y Ramírez, A. (2005). Development of a questionnaire for the assesment of sources of stress in spanish soccer referees. Ansiedad y Estrés, 1(2-3), 175-188.
  • Anshel, M.H. y Weinberg, R.S. (1995). Sources and responses to acute stress in basketball referees. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 7, 46-56. DOI: 10.1080/10413209508406297
  • Anshel, M.H., Kang, M. y Jubenville, C. (2013). Sources of acute sport stress scale for sports o#cials: Rasch calibration. Psycholo gy of Sport and Exercise, 14(3), 362-370. DOI:10.1016/j.psychs port.2012.12.003
  • Borin, J., Daniel, J.F., Bonganha, V., de Moraes, A., Cavaglieri, A., Mercadante, L.A., …. y Montagner, PC. (2013). $e distances covered by basketball referees in a match increase throughout the competition phases, with no change in physiological demand. Journal of Sports Medicine,4, 193-198. DOI: 10.2147/OAJSM.S42489
  • Brandão, M., Serpa, S., Krebs, R., Araújo, D. y Machado, A. (2011). El signi'cado de arbitrar: percepción de jueces de fútbol profesional. Revista de Psicología del Deporte, 20(2), 275-286.
  • Caracuel, J.C. (2003). Funciones psicológicas implicada en el arbitraje y el juicio deportivo. En F. Guillén (Ed.), Psicología del arbitraje y el juicio deportivo (pp. 25-37). Barcelona: INDE.
  • Carlín, M., Garcés de los Fayos, E. y De Francisco, C. (2012). El síndrome de burnout en deportistas: nuevas perspectivas de investigación. Revista Iberoamericana de Psicología del Ejercicio y el Deporte, 7(1), 33-47.
  • Connor, K.M. y Davidson, J.R. (2003). Development of a new resilience scale: the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Depression and Anxiety, 18(2), 76-82. DOI: 10.1002/da.10113
  • Cresswell, S.L. y Eklund, R.C. (2005). Motivation and burnout among top amateur rugby players. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 37(3), 469-477.
  • Dale, J. y Weinberg, R.  (2008)  Burnout in sport: A review and critique. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 2(1),  6783, DOI: 10.1080/10413209008406421
  • De Francisco, C., Garcés de los Fayos, E.J. y Arce, C. (2014). Burnout en deportistas: prevalencia del síndrome a través de dos medidas. Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte, 14(1), 29-38.
  • De la Vega, R., Rivera, O. y Ruiz, R. (2011). Personalidad resistente en carreras de fondo: comparativa entre ultra fondo y diez kilómetros. Revista de Psicología del Deporte, 20(2), 445-454.
  • De Oliveira, A.B., Penna, E.M. y Pires, D.A. (2017). Síndrome de Burnout em Árbitros de Futebol. Revista de Psicologia Del Deporte, 27(4), 31-36.
  • Dorsch, K. y Paskevich, D. (2007). Stressful experiences among six certi'cation levels of ice hockey o#cials. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 8(4), 585-593. DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2006.06.003
  • Edward, K.L. (2005). $e phenomenon of resilience in crisis care mental health clinicians. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 14(2), 142-148. DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-0979.2005.00371.x
  • Fletcher, D. y Sarkar, M. (2012). A grounded theory of psychological resilience in Olympic champions. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 13(5), 669-678. DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2012.04.007
  • Flippin, R. (1981). Burning out: When fast, young runners experience “failure” it can lead to self-destruction. &e Runner, 3(10), 76-83.
  • Galli, N. y Vealey, R.S. (2008). “Bouncing back” from adversity: Athletes’ experiences of resilience. &e Sport Psychologist, 22(3), 316-335. DOI: 10.1123/tsp.22.3.316
  • Garcés de Los Fayos, E., De Francisco, C. y Arce, C. (2012). Inventario de Burnout en Deportistas Revisado (IBD-R). Revista de Psicología del Deporte, 21(2), 271-278.
  • García-Parra, N., González, J. y Garcés de los Fayos, E. (2016). Estado actual del estudio del síndrome de burnout en el deporte. Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte, 16(2), 21-28.
  • García, X., Molinero, O., Ruíz, R., Salguero, A., De la Vega, R. y Márquez, S. (2014). La resiliencia en el deporte: fundamentos teóricos, instrumentos de evaluación y revisión de la literatura. Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte, 14(3), 83-98.
  • Gerber, M., Best, S., Meerstetter, F., Walter, M., Ludyga, S., Brand, S.,…, Gustafsson, H. (2018). E"ects of stress and mental toughness on burnout and depressive symptoms: A prospective study with young elite athletes. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, DOI.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2018.05.018
  • Goodger, K., Gorely, T., Lavallee, D. y Harwood, C. (2007) Burnout in sport: A systematic review. Sport Psychologist, 21(2), 127-151.
  • Gucciardi, D.F., Gordon, S. y Dimmock, J. (2009). Advancing mental toughness research and theory using personal construct psychology. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 2, 54-72. DOI: 10.1080/17509840701834573
  • Guillén, F. y Laborde, S. (2014). Higher-order Structure of Mental Toughness and the Analysis Latent Mean Di"erences between athletes from 34 disciplines and non-athletes. Personality & Individual Di!erences, 60, 30-35. DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2013.11.019
  • Gustafsson, H., Kenttä , G. y Hassmén, P. (2011). Athlete burnout: An integrated model and future research directions. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 4(1), 3-24. DOI: 10.1080/1750984X.2010.541927
  • Gustafsson, H., Hancock, D.J. y Côté, J. (2014). Describing citation structures in sport burnout literature: A citation network analysis. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 15(6), 620-626. DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2014.07.001.
  • Gustafsson, H., DeFreese, J. y Madigan, D. (2017). Athlete burnout: Review and recommendations. Current Opinion in Psychology, 16, 109-113. DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.05.002
  • Hosseini, S.A. y Besharat, M.A. (2010). Relation of resilience whit sport achievement and mental health in a sample of athletes. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 5, 633-638. DOI: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.07.156
  • Howard, S. y Johnson, B. (2004). Resilient teachers: Resisting stress and burnout. Social Psychology of Education, 7(4), 399-420. DOI:10.1007/s11218-004-0975-0
  • Jamali, M. y Jabari, N. (2014). Stress and job Burnout of Iranian football referees. International Journal of Sport Studies, 4(10), 1295-1299.
  • Kaissidis-Roda&nos, A., Anshel, M.H. y Porter, A. (1997). Personal and situational factors that predict coping strategies for acute stress among basketball referees. Journal of Sports Sciences, 15(4), 427-436. DOI: 101080/026404197367218
  •  Kaissidis-Roda&nos, A. y Anshel, M.H. (2000). Psychological predictors of coping responses among Greek basketball referees. Journal of Social Psychology, 140(3), 329-344. DOI: 10.1080/00224540009600474
  • Kellett, P. y Shilbury, D. (2007). Umpire participation: is abuse really the issue? Sport Management Review, 10(3), 209-229. DOI: 10.1016/S1441-3523(07)70012-8
  • Kellett, P. y Warner, S. (2011). Creating communities that lead to retention: the social worlds and communities of umpires. European Sport Management Quarterly, 11(5), 471-494. DOI: 10.1080/161847 42.2011.624109
  • Laborde, S., Guillén, F. y Mosley, E. (2016). Positive personality trait like individual di"erences in athletes from individual and team sports and in non-athletes. Psychology of Sport & Exercise, 26, 9-13. DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2016.05.009
  • Laborde, S., Guillén, F., Watson, M. y Allen, M. (2017). 'e light quartet: positive personality traits and approaches to coping in sport coaches. Psychology of Sport & Exercise, 32, 67-73. DOI : 10.1016/j.psychsport.2017.06.005
  • Luthar, S.S. y Cicchetti, D. (2000). 'e construct of resilience: Implications for interventions and social policies. Development and Psychopathology, 12(4), 857-885. DOI: 10.1017/S0954579400004156
  • Maslach, C. y Jackson, S.E. (1981). MBI: Maslach Burnout Inventory. Manual. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
  • Menezes, V.A., Fernández, B., Hernández, L., Ramos, F. y Contador, I. (2006). Resiliencia y el modelo Burnout-Engagement en cuidadores formales de ancianos. Psicothema, 18(4), 791-769.
  • Olivares-Tenza, E.M., Garcés de los Fayos Ruiz, E.J., Ortín Montero, F. y De Francisco, C. (2018). Prevalencia de burnout a través de dos medidas y su relación con variables sociodeportivas. Universitas Psychologica, 17(3), 1-9. DOI: 10.11144/Javeriana.upsy17-3.pbmr
  • Orleans, P., Andrade, A., Silveira, M. y Itibere, D. (2014). Burnout em tenistas brasileiros infanto-juvenis. Motricidade, 10(2), 60-71. DOI: 10.6063/motricidade.10(2).2713
  • Pedrosa, I., Suárez, J., Pérez, B. y García-Cueto, E. (2011). Adaptación preliminar al castellano del Athlete Burnout Questionnaire en futbolistas. Revista Electrónica de Metodología Aplicada, 16(1), 35-49.
  • Pedrosa, I. y García-Cueto, E. (2014). A study of the burnout syndrome in sportspeople: Prevalence and relationship to the body image. Universitas Psychologica, 13(1), 135-143.
  • Pedrosa, I. y García-Cueto, E. (2016). Síndrome de burnout en árbitros de élite: La Liga de Fútbol Profesional Española (LFP) a Estudio. Revista Iberoamericana de Diagnóstico y Evaluación-e Avaliação Psicológica, 42(2), 59-68. DOI: 10.21865/RIDEP42_59
  • Raedeke, T.D. (1997). Is athlete burnout more than just stress? A sport commitment perspective. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 19(4), 396-417. DOI: 10.1123/jsep.19.4.396
  • Raedeke, T.D. y Smith, A.L. (2004). Coping resources and athlete burnout: An examination of stress mediated and moderation hypothesis. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 26(4), 525-541. DOI: 10.1123/jsep.26.4.525
  • Rainey, D.W. y Hardy, L. (1999). Sources of stress, burnout and intention to terminate among rugby union referees. Journal of Sport Behavior, 17(10), 797-806. DOI: 10.1080/026404199365515
  • Ramírez, A., Alonso-Arbiol, I., Falcó, F. y López, M. (2006). Programa de intervención psicológica con árbitros de fútbol. Revista de Psicología del Deporte, 15(2), 311-325.
  • Reche, C., Tutte, V. y Ortín, F.J. (2014). Resiliencia, optimismo y burnout en judokas de competición uruguayos. Revista Iberoamericana de Psicología del Ejercicio y el Deporte, 9(2), 271-286.
  • Ríos, M.I., Carrillo, C. y Sabuco, E. (2012). Resiliencia y Síndrome de Burnout en estudiantes de enfermería y su relación con variables sociodemográ%cas y de relación interpersonal. International Journal of Psychological Research, 5(1), 88-95
  • Ruiz, R., De la Vega, R., Poveda, J. Rosado, A. y Serpa S. (2012). Análisis psicométrico de la Escala de Resiliencia en el deporte del fútbol. Revista de Psicología del Deporte. 21(1), 143-151.
  • Ruiz, R., Campo, J. y De la Vega, R. (2015). La resiliencia en entrenadores de atletismo de alto rendimiento. Revista Iberoamericana de Psicología del Ejercicio y el Deporte. 10(1), 69-76
  • Samuel, R.D., Galily, Y. y Tenenbaum, G. (2017). Who are you, ref? De%ning the soccer referee’s career using a change-based pers pective. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 15(2), 118-130. DOI: 10.1080/1612197X.2015.1079792
  • Soriano, G., Ramis, Y., Torregrossa, M. y Cruz, J. (2018). Fuentes de estrés dentro y fuera del partido en árbitros de fútbol. Apunts Educación Física y Deportes, 132(2), 22-31. DOI:10.5672/apunts.2014-0983.es.(2018/2).132.02
  • Taylor, A.H. y Daniel, J.V. (1988). *e construct validity of the Maslach Burnout Inventory in the sports role of o+ciating. Annual Conference for the North American Society for the Psychology of Sport and Physical Actvity. Knoxville.
  • Taylor, A.H., Daniel, J.V., Leith, L. y Burke, R.J. (1990). Perceived stress, psychological burnout and paths to turnover intentions among sport o+cials. Applied Sport Psychology, 2(1), 84-97. DOI: 10.1080/10413209008406422
  • Tutte, V. y Reche, C. (2016). Burnout, resiliencia y optimismo en el hockey sobre hierba femenino. Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte, 16(3), 73-78
  • Vaquera, A., Mielgo-Ayuso, J., Calleja-González, J. y Leicht A.S. (2016). Match intensity and heart rate predictors in top level basketball referees during men’s Eurobasket. Journal of Sports Medicine Physical Fitness, 56(9), 1034-1040
  • Wagnild, G. y Young, H. (1987). #e Resilience scale. Unpublished manuscript. Master’s *esis, University of Washington, Seattle.
  • Wagnild, G. y Young, H. (1990). Resilience among older women. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 22(4), 252-255.
  • Wagnild, G. y Young, H. (1993). Development and psychometric evaluation of the Resilience Scale. Journal of Nursing Measurement, 1(2), 165-178.
  • Weinberg, R.S. y Richardson, P.A. (1990). Psychology of o$ciating. Champaign, IL: Leisure Press.
  • Wu, G., Feder, A., Cohen, H., Kim, J.J., Calderon, S., Charney, D.S. y Mathé, A.A. (2013). Understanding resilience. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 7(10). DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2013.00010.
  • Yi, J., Smith, R. y Vitaliano, P. (2005). Stress-resiliencie, illness and coping: a person-focused investigation of young women athletes. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 28(3), 257-265. DOI: 10.1007/s10865-005-4662-1
Datuen iturria: Dialnet