Entrepreneurial intention and university: A necessary relationship in regions with high levels of unemployment

  1. Juan Diego Borrero-Sánchez 1
  2. Encarna Borrero-Domínguez 1
  1. 1 Universidad de Huelva (Spain)
Revista:
Intangible Capital

ISSN: 1697-9818

Año de publicación: 2022

Volumen: 18

Número: 1

Páginas: 120-143

Tipo: Artículo

DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openAcceso abierto editor

Otras publicaciones en: Intangible Capital

Resumen

Purpose: Although university entrepreneurship education as a predictor of entrepreneurial intention (EI) has been verified in the academic literature, few studies have analysed its influence in regions with low entrepreneurial activity. This research provides a new point of view by contrasting students' perceptions with what entrepreneurs consider most relevant. We propose an integrative and multiperspective framework based on expectancy theory and the theory of planned behaviour, which includes the moderating effect of gender and family imprinting. Design/methodology: A valid sample of 108 business students from the University of Huelva (Spain) served as the basis of the study, whose data were analysed using consistent partial least squares (PLSc) to validate the scales and subsequently test the hypotheses. In addition, 54 valid questionnaires from local entrepreneurs were used for the comparative analysis between entrepreneurs and students. Findings: Our findings showed that the elements associated with university support have a significant, albeit negative, impact on students' intentions to become entrepreneurs. In terms of moderating variables, no significant differences were found by gender, but significant differences were found in the group with entrepreneurial parents. In relation to the determinants of entrepreneurial success, it was found that the students' conceptions of entrepreneurship were closer to those of the entrepreneurs in Huelva than to those of the successful entrepreneurs. Originality/value: This paper contributes to the academic debate on whether universities in general, and business schools in particular, should promote entrepreneurship as the core of education. We believe that these results, despite the specific and limited scope of the study, may be of great interest for university staff in regions with high levels of structural unemployment and low rates of total early-stage entrepreneurial activity (TEA) to incorporate into their academic programmes.

Referencias bibliográficas

  • Adler, N.J. (2002). Global managers: No longer men alone. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 13. 743-760. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585190210125895
  • Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179-211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T
  • Ambrose, D. (1996). Healing the downsized organization. What every employee needs to know about today´s new workplace. New York, NY: Harmony Books.
  • Armstrong, C.E. (2014). I meant to do that! Manipulating entrepreneurial intentions through the power of simple plans. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 21(4), 638-652. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSBED10-2011-0016
  • Assael, H., & Keon, J. (1982). Nonsampling vs. Sampling Errors in Survey Research. Journal of Marketing , 46, 114-123. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224298204600212
  • Bagozzi, R., Baumgartner, H., & Yi, Y. (1989). An Investigation into the Role of Intentions as Mediators of the Attitude-Behavior Relationship. Journal of Economic Psychology, 10(1), 35-62. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167- 4870(89)90056-1
  • Baluku, M.M., Bantu, E., & Otto, K. (2018). Effect of locus of control on entrepreneurial attitudes and selfemployment intentions: The moderating role of individualism. Journal of Enterprising Culture, 26(3), 251-283. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0218495818500103
  • Barba-Sánchez, V., & Atienza-Sahuquillo, C. (2012). Entrepreneurial behavior: Impact of motivation factors on decision to create a new venture. European Research on Management and Business Economics, 18(1), 132-138
  • Barba-Sánchez, V., & Atienza-Sahuquillo, C. (2017). Entrepreneurial motivation and self-employment: Evidence from expectancy theory. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 13, 1097-1115. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-017-0441-z
  • Barba-Sánchez, V., & Molina, E. (2014). Entrepreneurship as a survival-seeking strategy for indigenous communities. In K. Todorov & R. Smallbone (Eds.), Strategic management in small and medium enterprises: Theory and practice (pp. 398-420). Hershey, PA: IGI Global Business Science Reference.
  • Barclay, D., Higgins, C., & Thompson, R. (1995). The partial least squares (PLS) approach to causal modelling: Personal computer adoption and use as an illustration. (Special Issue on Research Methodology). Technology Studies, 2(2), 285-309.
  • Barroso, C., Cepeda, G., & Roldán, J.L. (2010). Applying Maximum Likelihood and PLS on Different Sample Sizes: Studies on SERVQUAL Model and Employee Behavior Model. En Esposito Vinzi et al. (eds.), Handbook of Partial Least Squares. Berlin: Springer Handbooks of Computational Statistics. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-32827-8_20
  • Baucus, D.A., & Human, S.E. (1994). Second-career entrepreneurs: A multiple case study analysis of entrepreneurial processes and antecedent variables. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 19(2), 41-71. https://doi.org/10.1177/104225879501900204
  • Baumol, W.J. (1990). Entrepreneurship: Productive, Unproductive, and destructive. Journal of Political Economy, 98, 893-921. https://doi.org/10.1086/261712
  • Berton, F., Devicienti, F., & Grubanov-Boskovic, S. (2017). Employment Protection Legislation and Mismatch: Evidence from a Reform. IZA Discussion Paper No. 10904. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3029774
  • Besley, T, & Ghatak, M. (2005). Competition and incentives with motivated agents. American Economic Review, 95(3), 616-636. https://doi.org/10.1257/0002828054201413
  • Bird, B. (1988). Implementing Entrepreneurial Ideas: The Case for Intention. Academy of Management Review, 13(3), 442-453. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1988.4306970
  • Bustamante, M., Velez, C., & Afcha, S. (2020). La educación para el emprendimiento como predictor de intención emprendedora de estudiantes universitarios. Formación Universitaria, 13, 63-72. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-50062020000200063
  • Carsrud, A., & Brännback, M. (2011). Entrepreneurial motivations: What do we still need to know?. Journal of Small Business Management, 49(1), 9-26. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-627X.2010.00312.x
  • Castelao-Naval, M.O., González-Pascual, J.L., Jordán-Ramos, A., & Ruiz-Pomeda, A. (2015). Universidad y emprendimiento: intención emprendedora en estudiantes de universidades privadas madrileñas. Revista de Investigación en Educación, 13(2), 187-205.
  • Chen, C.C., Greene, P.G., & Crick, A. (1998). Does entrepreneurial self-efficacy distinguish entrepreneurs from managers?. Journal of Business Venturing , 13(4), 295-316. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-9026(97)00029-3
  • Chin, W.W., & Dibbern, J. (2010). An introduction to a permutation based procedure for multi-group PLS analysis: Results of tests of differences on simulated data and a cross cultural analysis of the sourcing of information system services between Germany and the USA. In Handbook of partial least squares (pp. 171-193). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-32827-8_8
  • Claire, L. (2011). Re-storying the Entrepreneurial Ideal: Lifestyle Entrepreneurs as a Hero?. Journal for Critical Organización Inquiry, 10, 1-2.
  • Cortezo, M. (2001). Introducción a la prospectiva. Metodologías, fases y resultados. Economía Industrial, 342, 13-20.
  • Dalton, G.W., & Thompson, P.H. (1986). Novations: Strategies for career management. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
  • Deci, E.L., & Ryan R.M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. New York, NY: Plenum. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2271-7
  • Dijkstra, T.K., & Henseler, J. (2015a). Consistent and asymptotically normal PLS estimators for linear structural equations. Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, 81(1), 10-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csda.2014.07.008
  • Dijkstra, T.K. & Henseler, J. (2015b). Consistent Partial Least Squares Path Modeling. MIS Quarterly, 39(2), 297-316. https://doi.org/10.25300/MISQ/2015/39.2.02
  • Douglas, E.J., & Shepherd, D.A. (2002). Self-employment as A Career Choice: Attitudes, Entrepreneurial Intentions and Utility Maximization. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 26(3), 81-90. https://doi.org/10.1177/104225870202600305
  • Dyer, W.G.J. (1994). Toward a theory of entrepreneurial careers. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 19(2), 7-21. https://doi.org/10.1177/104225879501900202
  • Edelman, L.F., Brush, C.G., Manolova, T.S., & Greene, P.G. (2010). Start-up motivations and growth intentions of minority nascent entrepreneurs. Journal of Small Business Management, 48(2), 174-196. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-627X.2010.00291.x
  • Eikhof, D.R., & Haunschild, A. (2006). Lifestyle meets market: Bohemian entrepreneurs in creative industries. Creativity & Innovation Management, 15(3), 234-241. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8691.2006.00392.x
  • Etzkowitz, H., Ranga, M., Benner, M., Guaranys, L., Maculan, A.M., & Kneller, R. (2008). Pathways to the entrepreneurial university: Towards a global convergence. Science and Public Policy, 35(9), 681-695. https://doi.org/10.3152/030234208X389701
  • Etzkowitz, H., Webster, A., Gebhardt, C., & Cantisano Terra, B.R. (2000). The future of the university and the university of the future: Evolution of ivory tower to entrepreneurial paradigm. Research Policy, 29(2), 313-330. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(99)00069-4
  • European Union (2012). Flash Eurobarometer 354: Entrepreneurship in the EU and beyond. Directorate-General for Communication. Available at: https://data.europa.eu/data/datasets/s1024_354?locale=en
  • Falk, R.F., & Miller, N.B. (1992). A primer for soft modeling. Akron, OH: The University of Akron.
  • Fatoki, O.O. (2010). Graduate entrepreneurial intention in South africa. Motivations and obstacles. International Journal Business of Management, 5, 87. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v5n9p87
  • Fayolle, A., & Liñán, F. (2014). The future of research on entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Business Research, 67(5), 663-666. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2013.11.024
  • Feather, N.T. (1992). Expectancy-value theory and unemployment effects. Journal of Occupational & Organizational Psychology, 65, 315-330. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8325.1992.tb00508.x
  • Fernández, W., & García, A. (2004). Motivaciones y obstáculos en función de la experiencia empresarial del emprendedor. Actas del XIV Congreso de la Asociación Científica de Economía y Dirección de Empresa (ACEDE), 19- 21 septiembre, Murcia.
  • Fernández-Serrano, J., & Romero, I. (2012). Entrepreneurial quality and regional development: Characterizing SME sectors in low income areas. Papers in Regional Science, 92(3), 465-513. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1435- 5957.2012.00421.x
  • Fisher, J., & Govindarajan, V. (1992). Profit center manager compensation: An examination of market, political and human capital factors. Strategic Management Journal, 13(3), 205-217. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.4250130304
  • Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39-50. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378101800104
  • Forson, C., & Özbilgin, M. (2003). Dot-com women entrepreneurs in the UK. Entrepreneurship and Innovation, February, 13-24. https://doi.org/10.5367/000000003101299366
  • Gatewood, E.J., Shaver, K.G., Powers, J.B., & Garner, W.B. (2002). Entrepreneurial expectancy, task effort and performance. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 27(2), 187-206. https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-8520.00006
  • Gifford, S. (1993). Heterogeneus Ability, Career Choice, and Firm Size. Small Business Economics, 5, 249-259. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01516246
  • Gill, R., & Ganesh, S. (2007). Empowerment, Constraint, and the entrepreneurial self: A study of white women entrepreneurs. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 35(3), 268-293. https://doi.org/10.1080/00909880701434265
  • Gieure, C., del Mar Benavides-Espinosa, M., & Roig-Dobón, S. (2019). Entrepreneurial intentions in an international university environment. International journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & research, 25(8), 1605-1620. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-12-2018-0810
  • Green, S.B. (1991). How Many Subjects Does It Take To Do A Regression Analysis?. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 26(3), 499-510. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327906mbr2603_7
  • Gupta, V.K., Turban, D.B., & Bhawe, N.M. (2008). The effect of gender stereotype activation on entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93(5), 1053-1061. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.93.5.1053
  • Gupta, V.K., Wieland, A.M., & Turban, D.B. (2019). Gender Characterizations in Entrepreneurship: A MultiLevel Investigation of Sex-Role Stereotypes about High-Growth, Commercial, and Social Entrepreneurs. Journal of Small Business Management, 57(1), 131-153. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsbm.12495
  • Gurley-Calvez, T., Biehl, A., & Harper, K. (2009). Time-use patterns and women entrepreneurs. American Economic Review, 99(2), 139-144. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.99.2.139
  • Haber, S., & Reichel, A. (2007). The cumulative nature of the entrepreneurial process: The contribution of human capital, planning and environment resources to small venture performance. Journal of Business Venturing , 22(1), 119-145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2005.09.005
  • Hair, J., Black, W., Babin, B., Anderson, R., & Tatham, R. (2006). Multivariate data analysis (6th ed.). Uppersaddle River, N.J.: Pearson Prentice Hall.
  • Hair, J.F., Ringle, C.M., & Sarstedt, M. (2011). PLS-SEM: Indeed a silver bullet. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 19(2), 137-149. https://doi.org/10.2753/MTP1069-6679190202
  • Hassan, A., Saleem, I., Anwar, I., & Hussain, S.A. (2020). Entrepreneurial intention of Indian university students: The role of opportunity recognition and entrepreneurship education. Education+ Training , 62(7/8), 843-861. https://doi.org/10.1108/ET-02-2020-0033
  • Hederson, R., & Robertson M. (2000). Who Wants to be An Entrepreneur? Young Adult Attitudes to Entrepreneurship as A Career. Career Development International, 5(6), 279-287.
  • Hiscox (2017). Estudio Hiscox ADN del Emprendedor 18112 09/17. Perfil del Emprendedor Español. Available at: https://www.hiscox.es/estudio-adn-del-emprendedor-2017
  • Hisrich, R.D., & Brush, C.G. (1986). The woman entrepreneur: Starting, Financing, and Managing a Successful New Business. Lexington: Lexington Books.
  • Holland, D.V. (2011). Utility maximization? An expectancy view of entrepreneurial persistence. Management Research Review, 34(3), 337-352. https://doi.org/10.1108/01409171111116349
  • Holmes, T.J., & Schmitz, J.A. (1990). A Theory of Entrepreneurship and its application to the study of business transfers. Journal of Political Economy, 98, 265-294. https://doi.org/10.1086/261678
  • Horváth, Z.E., & Nováky, E. (2016) Development of a future orientation model in emerging adulthood in Hungary. Social Change Review, 14(2), 69-95. https://doi.org/10.1515/scr-2016-0023
  • Hsu, D.K., Shinnar, R.S., & Powell, B.C. (2014). Expectancy theory and entrepreneurial motivation: A longitudinal examination of the role of entrepreneurship education. Journal of Business and Entrepreneurship, 26(1), 121-140.
  • Hunter, L., & Lean, J. (2018). Entrepreneurial learning-a social context perspective: Evidence from Kenya and Tanzania. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 25(4), 609-627. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSBED-02- 2017-0075
  • Hyde, J.S., & Kling, K.C. (2001). Women, innovation and achievement. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 25, 364-378. https://doi.org/10.1111/1471-6402.00035
  • Isaksen, A. (2001). Building regional innovation systems: Is endogenous industrial development possible in the global economy?. Canadian Journal of Regional Science, 24(1), 101-120.
  • Johnson, D.E., & Bishop, K. (2002). Performance in fast-growth firms: The behavioral and rol demands of the founder through the firm’s development. Managing people in entrepreneurial organizations, JAI Press, Amsterdam, 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1074-7540(02)05002-X
  • Karimi, S., Biemans, H.J.A., Mahdei, K.N., Lans, T., Chizari, M., & Mulder, M. (2017). Testing the relationship between personality characteristics, contextual factors and entrepreneurial intentions in a developing country. International Journal of Psychology, 52(3), 227-240. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijop.12209
  • Kautonen, T., Tornikoski, E.T., & Kibler, E. (2011). Entrepreneurial intentions in the third age: The impact of perceived age norms. Small Business Economics, 37, 219-234. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-009-9238-y
  • Klyver, K., Nielsen, S.L., & Evald, M.R. (2013). Women’s self-employment: An act of institutional (dis)integration? A multilevel, cross-country study. Journal of Business Venturing , 28(4), 474-488. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2012.07.002
  • Kraaijenbrink, J., Bos, G., & Groen, A. (2010). What do students think of the entrepreneurial support given by their universities?. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 9(1), 110-125. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJESB.2010.029512
  • Krueger, N.F., & Brazeal, D.V. (1994). Entrepreneurial potential and potential entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 18, 91. https://doi.org/10.1177/104225879401800307
  • Krueger, N.F., & Carsrud, A.L. (1993). Entrepreneurial Intentions: Applying the Theory of Planned Behavior. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 5(4), 315-330. https://doi.org/10.1080/08985629300000020
  • Krueger, N.F., Reilly, M.D., & Carsrud, A.L. (2000). Competing models of entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Business Venturing , 15(5), 411-432. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-9026(98)00033-0
  • Lashley, C., & Rowson, B. (2007). Trials and tribulations of hotel ownership in Blackpool: Highlighting the skills gaps of owner-managers. Tourism & Hospitality Research, 7(2), 122-130. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.thr.6050039
  • Lerner, J. (2005). The university and the start-up: Lessons from the past two decades. The Journal of Technology Transfer, 30(1-2), 49-56. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-25022-0_16
  • Lerner, M., & Malach-Pines, A. (2011). Gender and culture in family business: a ten-nation study. International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, 11(2), 113-131. https://doi.org/10.1177/1470595811399190
  • Lerner, M., Pines, A.M., & Schwartz, D. (2010). Gender differences in entrepreneurship: Equality, diversity, and inclusion in times of global crisis. Equality, Diversity, and Inclusion. International Journal, 29(2), 186-198. https://doi.org/10.1108/02610151011024493
  • Lim, S., & Envick, B.R. (2013). Gender and entrepreneurial orientation: A multi-country study. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 9(3), 465-482. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-011-0183-2
Fuente de los datos: Dialnet