Cross-Sectional Associations between Playing Sports or Electronic Games in Leisure Time and Life Satisfaction in 12-Year-Old Children from the European Union

  1. Diego Gomez-Baya 1
  2. Hugo Sarmento 2
  3. Javier Augusto Nicoletti 3
  4. Francisco Jose Garcia-Moro 1
  1. 1 Universidad de Huelva
    info

    Universidad de Huelva

    Huelva, España

    ROR https://ror.org/03a1kt624

  2. 2 Universidade de Coimbra
    info

    Universidade de Coimbra

    Coímbra, Portugal

    ROR https://ror.org/04z8k9a98

  3. 3 Universidad Nacional de La Matanza
    info

    Universidad Nacional de La Matanza

    Buenos Aires, Argentina

    ROR https://ror.org/01bmj8t37

Mostrar afiliaciones +
Revista:
EJIHPE: European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education

ISSN: 2174-8144,  2254-9625

Año de publicación: 2022

Volumen: 12

Número: 8

Páginas: 1050-1066

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.3390/EJIHPE12080075 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openDialnet editor

Otras publicaciones en: EJIHPE: European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education

Resumen

Leisure time activities in childhood may have a crucial role in the development of subjective well-being. Nevertheless, more research is needed with cross-national samples concerning the differential effects of lifestyles on life satisfaction. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to analyze the associations between the frequency of playing sports/exercise or playing electronic games on life satisfaction in a sample of 12-year-old children from nine countries from the European Union. The data used in this publication come from the third wave of the Children’s Worlds project, an international survey of children’s lives and well-being whose administration started in 2017. The sample was composed of 10,626 children (50.9% boys) from Estonia, Belgium, Croatia, Hungary, Italy, Malta, Poland, Romania, and Spain. They completed the Student Life Satisfaction Scale and answered two questions to assess the frequency of playing sport or exercise, and the frequency of playing electronic games. The results indicated notable scores in life satisfaction in all participating countries. The results showed some differences between boys and girls, and among the countries, in the frequency of sport practice and electronic games in the leisure time, as well as in the overall level of life satisfaction. The results also underlined that sport practice had a greater positive effect on life satisfaction than the use of electronic games. Thus, this study highlights the need to design programs to promote sport practice in leisure time for 12-year-old children in Europe, in order to protect their subjective well-being.

€ Ver financiación

Información de financiación

Financiadores

  • Jacobs Foundation

Referencias bibliográficas

  • Echazarreta, R.R.; Maulini, C.; Migliorati, M.; Isidori, E. Adolescencia y estilo de vida. Estudio del ocio de los escolares de la provincia de Roma. Pedagog. Soc. Rev. Interuniv. 2016, 28, 127–139.
  • Eldeleklio ˘ glu, J. Predictive Effects of Subjective Happiness, Forgiveness, and Rumination on Life Satisfaction. Soc. Behav. Personal. Int. J. 2015, 43, 1563–1574.
  • Ha, A.S.; Ng, J.Y.Y.; Lonsdale, C.; Lubans, D.R.; Ng, F.F. Promoting physical activity in children through family-based intervention: Protocol of the “Active 1 +FUN” randomized controlled trial. BMC Public Health 2019, 19, 218.
  • World Health Organization. Global Action Plan on Physical Activity 2018–2030: More Active People for a Healthier World; World Health Organization: Geneva, Switzerland, 2018.
  • Kelly, P.; Matthews, A.; Foster, C. Young and Physically Active: A Blueprint for Making Physical Activity Appealing to Youth; WHO Regional Office for Europe: Copenhagen, Denmark, 2012.
  • Bender, T.A. Assessment of Subjective Well-Being during Childhood and Adolescence. In Handbook of Classroom Assessment; Elsevier BV: San Diego, CA, USA, 1996; pp. 199–225.
  • Diener, E.; Oishi, S.; Lucas, R.E. Personality, culture, and subjective well being: Emotional and cognitive evaluations of life. Annu. Rev. Psychol. 2003, 54, 403–425.
  • Cuenca, M. Pedagogía del Ocio: Modelos y Propuestas; Universidad de Deusto: Bilbao, Spain, 2004.
  • San Salvador, R.; Ortega, C. (Eds.) Ocio e innovación: De la mejora a la transformación. In Ocio e Innovación para un Compromiso Social, Responsable y Sostenible; Documentos de Estudio de Ocio, 47; Universidad de Deusto: Bilbao, Spain, 2012; pp. 9–21.
  • Ángel, H.; Oliva, A.; Ángel, M. Diferencias de género en los estilos de vida de los adolescentes. Psychosoc. Interv. 2013, 22, 15–23.
  • Campo-Ternera, L.; Herazo-Beltrán, Y.; García-Puello, F.; Suarez-Villa, M.; Méndez, O.; Vásquez de la Hoz, F. Estilos de vida saludables de niños, niñas y adolescentes. Salud Uninorte 2017, 33, 419–428.
  • López, M.; Picazo, C.; Gamboa, J.P. Análisis de la felicidad durante el tiempo libre: El papel de la conducta prosocial y material. Divers. Perspect. Psicol. 2020, 16, 233–244.
  • Yarur Elsaca, D. La Felicidad y los Bienes Exteriores: Una Aproximación Crítica a Partir de Aristóteles y la Economía Contemporánea. Ph.D. Thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile, 2019.
  • Cabrera-Darias, M.E.; Marrero-Quevedo, R.J. Motivos, personalidad y bienestar subjetivo en el voluntariado. An. Psicol. 2015, 31, 791–801.
  • Ochaíta, E.; Espinosa, M.A.; Gutiérrez, H. Adolescentes digitales. Rev. Estud. Juv. 2011, 92, 87–110.
  • Hofheinz Giacomoni, C.; de Souza, L.K.; Hutz, C.S. Eventos de Vida Positivos e Negativos em Crianças. Temas Psicol. 2016, 24, 1421–1435.
  • Abu-Omar, K.; Rütten, A.; Lehtinen, V. Mental health and physical activity in the European Union. Soz Prav. 2004, 49, 301–309.
  • World Health Organization. Global Recommendations on Physical Activity for Health; World Health Organization: Geneva, Switzerland, 2010.
  • Ortiz Sánchez, J.A.; del Pozo-Cruz, J.; Alfonso-Rosa, R.M.; Gallardo-Gómez, D.; Álvarez-Barbosa, F. Efectos del sedentarismo en niños en edad escolar: Revisión sistemática de estudios longitudinales (Effects of sedentary school-age children: A systematic review of longitudinal studies). Retos 2021, 40, 404–412.
  • World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe. Growing up Unequal: Gender and Socioeconomic Differences in Young People’s Health and Well-Being;World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe: Copenhagen, Denmark, 2016.
  • Pedrero-Pérez, E.J.; Ruiz-Sánchez de León, J.M.; Rojo-Mota, G.; Llanero-Luque, M.; Pedrero-Aguilar, J.; Morales-Alonso, S.; Puerta-García, C. Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC): Uso problemático de Internet, videojuegos, teléfonos móviles, mensajería instantánea y redes sociales mediante el Multicage-TIC. Adicciones 2018, 30, 19–32.
  • Plaza de la Hoz, J. Ventajas y desventajas del uso adolescente de las TIC: Visión de los estudiantes. Rev. Complut. Educ. 2018, 29, 491–508.
  • Díaz-Vicario, A.; Mercader, C.; Gairín, J. Uso problemático de las TIC en adolescentes. Rev. Electrón. Investig. Educ. 2019, 21, e07.
  • World Health Organization. WHO Guidelines on Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour;World Health Organization: Geneva, Switzerland, 2020.
  • Huebner, E.S. Initial development of the student’s life satisfaction scale. Sch. Psychol. Int. 1991, 12, 231–240.
  • Cronbach, L.J.; Shavelson, R.J. My current thoughts on coefficient alpha and successor procedures. Educ. Psychol. Meas. 2004, 64, 391–418.
  • Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee. 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee Scientific Report; US Department of Health and Human Services: Washington, DC, USA, 2018.
  • Messing, S.; Rütten, A.; Abu-Omar, K.; Ungerer-Röhrich, U.; Goodwin, L.; Burlacu, I.; Gediga, G. How Can Physical Activity Be Promoted Among Children and Adolescents? A Systematic Review of Reviews Across Settings. Front. Public Health 2019, 7, 55.
  • Martins, J.; Marques, A.; Sarmento, H.; Carreiro da Costa, F. Adolescents’ perspectives on the barriers and facilitators of physical activity: A systematic review of qualitative studies. Health Educ. Res. 2015, 30, 742–755.
  • Bull, F.C.; Al-Ansari, S.S.; Biddle, S.; Borodulin, K.; Buman, M.P.; Cardon, G.; Carty, C.; Chaput, J.P.; Chastin, S.; Chou, R.; et al. World Health Organization 2020 guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour. Br. J. Sports Med. 2020, 54, 1451–1462.
  • World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe. Spotlight on Adolescent Health and Well-Being; Key findings from the 2017/2018 HBSC Survey; WHO Regional Office for Europe: Copenhagen, Denmark, 2016.
  • Inchley, J.; Currie, D.; Budisavljevic, S.; Torsheim, T.; Jåstad, A.; Cosma, A.; Kelly, C.; Arnarsson, A.M. (Eds.) Spotlight on Adolescent Health and Well-Being; Findings from the 2017/2018 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) Survey in Europe and Canada. International report. Key findings; WHO Regional Office for Europe: Copenhagen, Denmark, 2020; Volume 1.
  • Araujo, R.H.O.; Werneck, A.O.; Barboza, L.L.; Ramírez-Vélez, R.; Martins, C.M.L.; Tassitano, R.M.; Silva, E.C.M.; de Jesus, G.M.; Matias, T.S.; de Lima, L.R.A.; et al. Prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of physical activity and sitting time among South American adolescents: A harmonized analysis of nationally representative cross-sectional surveys. Int. J. Behav. Nutr. Phys. Act. 2022, 19, 52.
  • Guthold, R.; Stevens, G.A.; Riley, L.M.; Bull, F.C. Global trends in insufficient physical activity among adolescents: A pooled analysis of 298 population-based surveys with 16 million participants. Lancet Child Adolesc. Health 2020, 4, 23–35.
  • Brazo-Sayavera, J.; Aubert, S.; Barnes, J.D.; González, S.A.; Tremblay, M.S. Gender differences in physical activity and sedentary behavior: Results from over 200,000 LatinAmerican children and adolescents. PLoS ONE 2021, 16, e0255353.
  • Marques, A.; Henriques-Neto, D.; Peralta, M.; Martins, J.; Demetriou, Y.; Schönbach, D.; Gaspar de Matos, M. Prevalence of Physical Activity among Adolescents from 105 Low, Middle, and High-Income Countries. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 3145.
  • Aubert, S.; Barnes, J.D.; Abdeta, C.; Nader, P.A.; Adeniyi, A.F.; Aguilar-Farias, N.; Tenesaca, D.S.A.; Bhawra, J.; Brazo-Sayavera, J.; Cardon, G.; et al. Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis from 49 Countries. J. Phys. Act. Health 2018, 15, S251–S273.
  • World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe. Physical Activity Factsheets for the 28 European Union Member States of The WHO European Region; WHO Regional Office for Europe: Copenhagen, Denmark, 2018.
  • Ganzar, L.A.; Salvo, D.; Burford, K.; Zhang, Y.; Kohl, H.W., 3rd; Hoelscher, D.M. Longitudinal changes in objectively-measured physical activity and sedentary time among school-age children in Central Texas, US during the COVID-19 pandemic. Int. J. Behav. Nutr. Phys. Act. 2022, 19, 56.
  • Riddoch, C.J.; Bo Andersen, L.; Wedderkopp, N.; Harro, M.; Klasson-Heggebø, L.; Sardinha, L.B.; Cooper, A.R.; Ekelund, U. Physical activity levels and patterns of 9- and 15-yr-old European children. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 2004, 36, 86–92.
  • Nielsen, G.; Pfister, G.; Bo Andersen, L. Gender differences in the daily physical activities of Danish school children. Eur. Phys. Educ. Rev. 2011, 17, 69–90.
  • Hallal, P.C.; Andersen, L.B.; Bull, F.C.; Guthold, R.; Haskell, W.; Ekelund, U.; Lancet Physical Activity Series Working Group. Global physical activity levels: Surveillance progress, pitfalls, and prospects. Lancet 2012, 380, 247–257.
  • Craft, B.B.; Carroll, H.A.; Lustyk, M.K. Gender Differences in Exercise Habits and Quality of Life Reports: Assessing the Moderating Effects of Reasons for Exercise. Int. J. Lib. Arts Soc. Sci. 2014, 2, 65–76.
  • Telford, R.M.; Telford, R.D.; Olive, L.S.; Cochrane, T.; Davey, R. Why Are Girls Less Physically Active than Boys? Findings from the LOOK Longitudinal Study. PLoS ONE 2016, 11, e0150041.
  • Chaput, J.-P.; Willumsen, J.; Bull, F.; Chou, R.; Ekelund, U.; Firth, J.; Jago, R.; Ortega, F.B.; Katzmarzyk, P.T. 2020 WHO guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour for children and adolescents aged 5–17 years: Summary of the evidence. Int. J. Behav. Nutr. Phys. Act. 2020, 17, 141.
  • Yang, L.; Cao, C.; Kantor, E.D.; Nguyen, L.H.; Zheng, X.; Park, Y.; Giovannucci, E.L.; Matthews, C.E.; Colditz, G.A.; Cao, Y.; et al. Trends in Sedentary Behavior Among the US Population, 2001–2016. JAMA 2019, 321, 1587–1597.
  • Alotaibi, T.; Almuhanna, R.; Alhassan, J.; Alqadhib, E.; Mortada, E.; Alwhaibi, R. The Relationship between Technology Use and Physical Activity among Typically-Developing Children. Healthcare 2020, 8, 488.
  • Carson, V.; Hunter, S.; Kuzik, N.; Gray, C.E.; Poitras, V.J.; Chaput, J.P.; Saunders, T.J.; Katzmarzyk, P.T.; Okely, A.D.; Connor Gorber, S.; et al. Systematic review of sedentary behaviour and health indicators in school-aged children and youth: An update. Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab. 2016, 41 (Suppl. S3), S240–S265.
  • Rosen, L.D.; Lim, A.F.; Felt, J.; Carrier, L.M.; Cheever, N.A.; Lara-Ruiz, J.M.; Mendoza, J.S.; Rokkum, J. Media and technology use predicts ill-being among children, preteens and teenagers independent of the negative health impacts of exercise and eating habits. Comput. Hum. Behav. 2014, 35, 364–375.
  • Maras, D.; Flament, M.F.; Murray, M.; Buchholz, A.; Henderson, K.A.; Obeid, N.; Goldfield, G.S. Screen time is associated with depression and anxiety in Canadian youth. Prev. Med. 2015, 73, 133–138.
  • Khan, A.; Lee, E.Y.; Rosenbaum, S.; Khan, S.R.; Tremblay, M.S. Dose-dependent and joint associations between screen time, physical activity, and mental wellbeing in adolescents: An international observational study. Lancet Child Adolesc. Health 2021, 5, 729–738.
  • Khan, A.; Lee, E.Y.; Horwood, S. Adolescent screen time: Associations with school stress and school satisfaction across 38 countries. Eur. J. Pediatr. 2022, 24, 1–9.
  • Oberle, E.; Ji, X.R.; Kerai, S.; Guhn, M.; Schonert-Reichl, K.A.; Gadermann, A.M. Screen time and extracurricular activities as risk and protective factors for mental health in adolescence: A population-level study. Prev. Med. 2020, 141, 106291.
  • Dahlgren, A.; Sjöblom, L.; Eke, H.; Bonn, S.E.; Trolle Lagerros, Y. Screen time and physical activity in children and adolescents aged 10–15 years. PLoS ONE 2021, 16, e0254255.
  • Oyanedel, J.C.; Alfaro, J.; Mella, C. Bienestar Subjetivo y Calidad de Vida en la Infancia en Chile. Rev. Latinoam. Cienc. Soc. Niñez Juv. 2015, 13, 313–327.
  • Benavente, M.; Cova, F.; Alfaro, J.; Varela, J. Propiedades Psicométricas de la Escala de Satisfacción con la Vida de los Estu-diantes (SLSS) de Huebner en una Muestra de Adolescentes Chilenos. Rev. Iberoam. Diagnóstico Evaluación-E Avaliação Psicológica RIDEP 2019, 1, 57–69.
  • Bruck, S.; Ben-Arieh, A. La historia del estudio Children’s Worlds. Soc. Infanc. 2020, 4, 35–42.
  • Tonon, G.; Laurito, M.J.; Benatuil, D. Leisure, Free Time andWell-Being of 10 Years Old Children Living in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. Appl. Res. Qual. Life 2019, 14, 637–658.
  • Blázquez Garcés, J.V.; Corte-Real, N.; Dias, C.; Manuel Fonseca, A. Práctica deportiva y bienestar subjetivo: Estudio con adolescentes portugueses. Rev. Iberoam. Psicol. Ejerc. Deporte 2009, 4, 105–120.
  • García-Hermoso, A.; Hormazábal-Aguayo, I.; Fernández-Vergara, O.; Olivares, P.; Oriol-Granado, X. Physical activity, screen time and subjective well-being among children. Int. J. Clin. Health Psychol. 2020, 20, 126–134.
  • Ramírez, W.; Vinaccia, S.; Suárez, R. El impacto de la actividad física y el deporte sobre la salud, la cognición, la socialización y el rendimiento académico: Una revisión teórica. Rev. Estud. Soc. 2004, 18, 67–75.
  • Archer, T. Health Benefits of Physical Exercise for Children and Adolescents. J. Nov. Physiother. 2014, 4, 203.
  • Oficina de Investigaciones de UNICEF—Innocenti. Mundos de Influencia: ¿Cuáles son los Determinantes del Bienestar Infantil en los Países Ricos? Report Card n. 16 de Innocenti; Oficina de Investigaciones de UNICEF—Innocenti: Florence, Italy, 2020.
  • United Nations Children’s Fund. The State of the World’s Children 2021: On My Mind—Promoting, Protecting and Caring for Children’s Mental Health; UNICEF: New York, NY, USA, 2021.
  • Sekulic, D.; Maric, D.; Versic, S.; Zevrnja, A.; Terzic, A.; Zenic, N. Familial and Parental Predictors of Physical Activity in Late Adolescence: Prospective Analysis over a Two-Year Period. Healthcare 2021, 29, 132.
  • Woessner, M.N.; Tacey, A.; Levinger-Limor, A.; Parker, A.G.; Levinger, P.; Levinger, I. The Evolution of Technology and Physical Inactivity: The Good, the Bad, and the Way Forward. Front. Public Health 2021, 9, 655491.
  • Rideout, A.; Peebles, A.; Mann, S.; Robb, M.B. Common Sense Census: Media Use by Tweens and Teens; Common Sense: San Francisco, CA, USA, 2022.
  • Al Hourani, H.; Alkhatib, B.; Abdullah, M. Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown on Body Weight, Eating Habits, and Physical Activity of Jordanian Children and Adolescents. Disaster Med. Public Health Prep. 2021, 1–9.
  • Dallolio, L.; Marini, S.; Masini, A.; Toselli, S.; Stagni, R.; Bisi, M.C.; Gori, D.; Tessari, A.; Sansavini, A.; Lanari, M.; et al. The impact of COVID-19 on physical activity behaviour in Italian primary school children: A comparison before and during pandemic considering gender differences. BMC Public Health 2022, 22, 52.
  • Peralta, M.; Henriques-Neto, D.; Bordado, J.; Loureiro, N.; Diz, S.; Marques, A. Active Commuting to School and Physical Activity Levels among 11 to 16 Year-Old Adolescents from 63 Low- and Middle-Income Countries. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 1276.
  • Council of the European Union. Conclusions of the Council and the representatives of the governments of the Member States on ‘Sport and physical activity, a promising lever to transform behaviour for sustainable development’. (2022/C 170/01). Off. J. Eur. Union 2022, 65, 1–6.
  • Alfaro, J.; Guzman, J.; Sirlopu, D.; Garcia, C.; Reyes, F.; Gaudlitz, L. Propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Satisfacción con la Vida en los Estudiantes (SLSS) de Huebner en niños y niñas de 10 a 12 años de Chile. An. Psicol./Ann. Psychol. 2016, 32, 383–392.
  • Oswald, T.K.; Rumbold, A.R.; Kedzior, S.G.E.; Moore, V.M. Psychological impacts of “screen time” and “green time” for children and adolescents: A systematic scoping review. PLoS ONE 2020, 4, e0237725.
  • Tandon, P.S.; Zhou, C.; Johnson, A.M.; Gonzalez, E.S.; Kroshus, E. Association of Children’s Physical Activity and Screen Time with Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic. JAMA Netw. Open 2021, 4, e2127892.
  • Van Sluijs, E.M.F.; Ekelund, U.; Crochemore-Silva, I.; Guthold, R.; Ha, A.; Lubans, D.; Oyeyemi, A.L.; Ding, D.; Katzmarzyk, P.T. Physical activity behaviours in adolescence: Current evidence and opportunities for intervention. Lancet 2021, 398, 429–442.
  • Li, X.; Vanderloo, L.M.; Keown-Stoneman, C.D.G.; Cost, K.T.; Charach, A.; Maguire, J.L.; Monga, S.; Crosbie, J.; Burton, C.; Anagnostou, E.; et al. Screen Use and Mental Health Symptoms in Canadian Children and Youth During the COVID-19 Pandemic. JAMA Netw. Open 2021, 4, e2140875.
  • Armstrong, T.; Bull, F. Development of the world health organization global physical activity questionnaire (GPAQ). J. Public Health 2006, 14, 66–70.
  • Jacobs Foundation. Children’s Worlds: The International Survey of Children’s Well-Being. Available online: https://isciweb.org/ (accessed on 3 May 2022).
  • Endrighi, R.; Steptoe, A.; Hamer, M. The effect of experimentally induced sedentariness on mood and psychobiological responses to mental stress. Br. J. Psychiatry 2016, 208, 245–251.
  • Kim, M.; Kim, K.S. The Association between Sedentary Lifestyle and Adolescent Obesity in Korea. J. Obes. Nutr. Disord. 2019, 1, 137.
  • Vancampfort, D.; Stubbs, B.; Firth, J.; Van Damme, T.; Koyanagi, A. Sedentary behavior and depressive symptoms among 67,077 adolescents aged 12–15 years from 30 low- and middle-income countries. Int. J. Behav. Nutr. Phys. Act. 2018, 15, 73.
  • Kandola, A.; Lewis, G.; Osborn, D.P.J.; Stubbs, B.; Hayes, J.F. Depressive symptoms and objectively measured physical activity and sedentary behaviour throughout adolescence: A prospective cohort study. Lancet Psychiatry 2020, 7, 262–271.
  • Redig, L.; Feter, N.; Dumith, S.C.; Domingues, M.R.; Rombaldi, A.J. Physical Inactivity from Childhood to Adolescence and Incident Depression. Am. J. Prev. Med. 2022, 62, 211–218.
  • Pengpid, S.; Peltzer, K. Sedentary behaviour, physical activity and life satisfaction, happiness and perceived health status in university students from 24 countries. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 2084.
Fuente de los datos: Dialnet