La primera activación de la Directiva 2001/55/CE. Entre los límites restrictivos de su ámbito de aplicación personal y las bondades de su modelo de solidaridad interestatal en la acogida de las personas desplazadas desde Ucrania

  1. Nuria Arenas Hidalgo
Journal:
Revista electrónica de estudios internacionales (REEI)

ISSN: 1697-5197

Year of publication: 2022

Issue: 44

Type: Article

More publications in: Revista electrónica de estudios internacionales (REEI)

Abstract

This study analyses the first activation of Directive 2001/55/EC, following the adoption of the Council Implementing Decision (EU) 2022/382, establishing the existence of a mass influx of displaced persons from Ukraine. The analysis places special emphasis on the two issues that have sparked considerable scientific debate: the scope of application of ratione personae, as well as the measures adopted in order to promote balanced efforts between Member States in receiving such persons and bearing the consequences thereof. They connect with issues related to interstate solidarity which, in this case is, surprisingly, at the expense of the free choice of displaced persons. In addition, the last section presents proposals to reform the Directive, included in the New Pact on Migration and Asylum, which will necessarily have to be reconsidered as a result of this experience.

Bibliographic References

  • ARENAS HIDALGO, N., “El sistema europeo de protección temporal. El resurgimiento de una renovada acogida territorial como respuesta a los desplazamientos masivos de población”, Revista Española de Derecho Internacional, vol IV, 2003, nº 2, p. 774.
  • ARENAS HIDALGO, N., El Sistema de Protección Temporal de Desplazados en la Europa Comunitaria, Universidad de Huelva Publicaciones, 2005, p. 27.
  • CARRERA, S., INELI-CIGER, M., VOSYLIUTE, L., BRUMAT, L., “The EU grants Temporary Protection for People fleeing war in Ukraine. Time to rethink unequal solidarity in EU asylum policies”, CEPS Policy Insight, nº 2022-09/marzo 2022
  • CASTILLO, M.A., HATHAWAY, J., “Temporary Protection”, Reconceiving International Refugee Law, Martinus Nijhoff Publisher (Hathaway ed), The Hague/Boston/London, 1997, p. 4.
  • FILIPPO, M., ACOSTA SÁNCHEZ, M.A., “La protezione temporánea, da oggeto misterioso a realtà operativa: aspetti positivi, criticità, prospettive”, Ordine Internazionale e Diritti Ummani, 2022, p. 942.
  • FITZPATRICK, J., “Temporary Protection of Refugees: elements of a formalized regimen”, AJIL, vol. 94, nº 2, 2000, p. 292.
  • GLUNS, D., WESSELS, J., “Waste of Paper or Useful Tool? The Potential of the Temporary Protection Directive in the Current “Refugee Crisis””, Refugee Survey Quaterly, vol. 36, 2017, p. 63.
  • GORTÁZAR ROTAECHE, CJ., “La protección subsidiaria como concepto diferente a la protección temporal. Hacia un Derecho comunitario europeo en la materia”, La revitalización de la protección de los refugiados, (Fernández Sánchez, P.A. ed), Universidad de Huelva, 2002, pp. 242-245.
  • HOFMANN, R., “Das Konzept des Vorübergehenden Schutze (Temporary Protection): Regionales Völkerrecht durch Art. 63 Abs. 1 nr 2 EGV”, Die Macht des Geistes. Festchrift für Hartmut Schiedemair, C.F. Müller Verlag, Heilderber, 2000, p. 878.
  • INELI CIGER, M., “Has the Temporary Protection Directive Become Obsolete? An Examination of the Directive and Its Lack of Implementation in view of the Recent Asylum Crisis in the Mediterranean”, en BAULOZ, C., INELI-CIGER, M., SINGER, S., STOYANOVA, V., (Eds), Seeking Asylum in the European Union: Selected Protection Issues Raised by the Second Phase of the Common European Asylum System, Brill, 2015, p. 237-238.
  • INELI CIGER, M., “Time to Activate the Temporary Protection Directive. Why the Directive can Play a Key Role in Solving the Migration Crisis in Europe”, European Journal of Migration and Law, 18 (2016), p. 13.
  • INELI CIGER, M., 5 Reasons Why: Understanding the Reasons behind the Activation of the Temporary Protection Directive in 2022, EU Immigration and Asylum Law and Policy, 7 marzo 2022.
  • MORGADES, S., De Refugiados a Rechazados. El Sistema de Dublín y el Derecho a buscar Asilo en la Unión Europea, Tirant lo blanch, 2021. 77
  • NOLL, G., “Sharing the Burden?”, The EU Acquis Extraterritorial Protection and the Common Market of Deflection, The Raoul Wallenberg Institute Human Rights Library, vol. 6, 2000, pp. 285-311.
  • PORRAS RAMÍREZ, J.M., “La crisis de Ucrania. La aplicación de la Directiva de protección temporal de los desplazados, en caso de afluencia masiva, y el reconocimiento inmediato de derechos a los migrantes: ¿un progreso en la política migratoria común de la Unión Europea?”, La Ley Unión Europea, n º 106, septiembre de 2022, p. 15.
  • RENAS HIDALGO, N., “The concept of “mass influx of displaced persons” (about the European Directive that establishes the Temporary Protection System)”, European Journal of Migration and Law, 2006, dic 2005, nº 4, pp. 435-450.
  • SÁNCHEZ LEGIDO, A., Controles Migratorios y Derechos Humanos, Tirant lo Blanch, Valencia, 2020.
  • SHULTZ, J., Collective Protection as a Short-term solution: European responses to the Protection Needs of Refugees from the War in Ukraine, EU Immigration and Asylum Law and Policy, 8 marzo 2022