La técnica de las contribuciones determinadas a nivel nacional en el Acuerdo de Parísla gobernanza multinivel y multisectorial del cambio climático

Abstract

The Paris Agreement represents progress in climate negotiations, through the configuration of a bottom-up model. In this way, chapter I of this thesis aims to address the evolution of climate negotiations and the influence that both the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and different international actors and civil society have had. This new approach will be achieved mainly through its main technique, Nationally Determined Contributions, which will give greater weight to national systems in the fight against climate change and which calls for greater ambition and progress from the States Parties. This new technique has highlighted the innovation capacity of International Environmental Law and, specifically, the interest aroused by the international legal regime on climate change. Among other issues, the interest of international law doctrine in this technique derives from issues related to sources of International Law and international legal obligations, since the content of national contributions is housed outside the conventional text. Chapter II of this is intended to shed light on the legal nature of the Nationally Determined Contributions, since their content is directly related to the achievement of the climate objective that the Paris Agreement itself establishes in its article 2. In this way, Chapter II also addresses the level of discretion that States have when designing their own contributions, addressing basic aspects such as the principle of progression or the application of the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities and the respective ones, to light of national circumstances. In this analysis of their content, attention will be paid to the potential they may have when it comes to establishing a subsequent practice that helps to interpret the international treaty itself. Its relevance derives, among other issues, from the definition of the principle of progression or the increase in the efforts of States in the fight against climate change. Chapter IV aims to address the implementation of the conventional text itself. In this sense, and after the previous experience of the Kyoto Protocol, the transparency framework will be discussed, as a model or information system that will allow the States Parties to be accountable for their work, in such a way that trust is reinforced. mutual of the same. In this regard, this strengthening of the information system will also provide a match between the needs of developing States and the aid they have received, with the help that developed States are willing to provide and those that they declare have received. done. In this way, financing, capacity building and technology transfer become fundamental pillars to increase the effectiveness of the Paris Agreement. Likewise, it will address how, through communities or networks, it is intended to achieve a homogenization in the adoption of those most appropriate measures both for the fight against climate change and to meet the objectives of sustainable development. Finally, chapter V will make a first approximation of the effectiveness of this multilevel and multisectoral global governance model that configures the Paris Agreement. Since this thesis has been deposited before the conclusion of the world balance, reports from the Intergovernmental Panel, the United Nations Environment Program and those epistemic communities that contribute with their work have been used to present us at what moment we are and what needed to achieve long-term climate goals.