Incidencia de modificaciones reglamentarias en la competición sobre el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje y valores deportivos en jugadores de fútbol benjamines

Abstract

Abstract: In recent decades there has been an evolution in pedagogical models of sports teaching, moving from a pedagogy based on behavioral theories to one based on ecological-dynamic theory, in which decision-making emerges from the constant individual-environment interaction, giving great value to the internal processes of the athlete from a holistic point of view. It is at this moment when the need arises to give great importance to the adequate design of representative sports scenarios, since they allow significant learning opportunities that guide the behavior of individuals, not establishing a unique solution due to degrees of freedom and own and environmental constraints. These principles have motivated the establishment of mini-sports, which have primarily involved adjustments in times, spaces and sports equipment, in order to enrich the practice experience of young people and children. This new trend has allowed a large number of studies to be developed on the modification of rules in competition, finding great benefits in participation, variability, satisfaction, among others, key principles to consider in the formative stage. However, fewer studies have been developed on the modification of rules in competition in youth football. The objectives of this doctoral thesis were to know the incidence of the adaptation of rules in competition: a) playing time: five sets of 10 minutes; b) partial score: each set started 0-0 and the total result of the match was the sum of the sets won by each team; c) headbutt: direct headbutt was prohibited; d) goal kicks: the pressure was limited; e) fair play score; f) minimum participation time per player; g) the goalkeeper must play at least one period (10 minutes) as a field player, on the technical-tactical actions, on players and goalkeepers and on the moral attitudes of the athletes. An A-B quasi-experimental design was implemented to evaluate the effect of the rule changes. Players (n = 51) played two tournaments using two competition formats (official rules and modified rules). Both tournaments were recorded for a subsequent observational analysis of the technical-tactical actions, while moral attitudes were recorded using the AMDYSQ questionnaire, at the time prior to the tournaments, and after each tournament. The results show that the use of the modified rules generated a greater number of technical-tactical actions of utmost importance in youth stages such as passes, dribbles and collective offensive tactical actions in the players. Regarding the goalkeeper, the results show a slight increase in offensive and defensive actions carried out by the goalkeeper and a greater variability of offensive actions in the modified competition, encouraging offensive play with both the hand and foot, and the action most accomplished defense, blocking. Finally, regarding the values, the best results occur in the moment prior to the competitions, increasing the values related to less sporting behaviors in the unmodified tournament and almost returning to baseline values in the modified tournament. It can be concluded that the modified competition in this doctoral thesis induces the emergence of those most important technical-tactical actions in the training stage, in addition to entailing a change in perspective that seems to change the focus and orientation of all the agents involved in the competition. competition, further developing positive values and an ethical approach, focused not only on performance, but also on the personal and moral development of young players.